Corrigan pulse

Corrigan pulse
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Synonyms	Water-hammer pulse
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Bounding pulse
Complications	N/A
Onset	N/A
Duration	N/A
Types	N/A
Causes	Aortic regurgitation, Patent ductus arteriosus, Hyperthyroidism
Risks	N/A
Diagnosis	Physical examination, Echocardiography
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Treat underlying cause
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	N/A
Deaths	N/A

Corrigan pulse, also known as water-hammer pulse, is a medical sign characterized by a bounding and forceful pulse with a rapid rise and fall. It is named after Sir Dominic John Corrigan, an Irish physician who described the phenomenon in the 19th century. This type of pulse is often associated with conditions that cause a rapid increase in stroke volume or a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance.

Pathophysiology

Corrigan pulse is typically observed in conditions where there is a significant increase in the volume of blood ejected by the heart during systole, or where there is a rapid runoff of blood during diastole. The most common cause of a Corrigan pulse is aortic regurgitation, where the aortic valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow back into the left ventricle during diastole. This results in a high stroke volume and a rapid fall in diastolic pressure, producing the characteristic bounding pulse.

Other conditions that can lead to a Corrigan pulse include:

• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Hyperthyroidism
• Arteriovenous fistula
• Severe anemia

Clinical Presentation

Patients with a Corrigan pulse may present with symptoms related to the underlying condition causing the pulse. In the case of aortic regurgitation, patients may experience symptoms such as:

• Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
• Fatigue
• Palpitations
• Angina (chest pain)

On physical examination, the pulse is described as "bounding" and "collapsing," with a rapid upstroke and downstroke. The pulse is best felt at the radial artery, and the bounding nature can be accentuated by raising the patient's arm.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of a Corrigan pulse is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic pulse waveform felt during physical examination. However, further investigations are often necessary to determine the underlying cause. These may include:

• Echocardiography to assess the function of the heart valves and measure the severity of aortic regurgitation.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) to evaluate cardiac rhythm and detect any associated cardiac abnormalities.
• Chest X-ray to assess heart size and pulmonary vasculature.

Management

The management of a Corrigan pulse involves treating the underlying cause. For example, in aortic regurgitation, treatment options may include medical management with vasodilators or surgical intervention to repair or replace the aortic valve.

History

The term "Corrigan pulse" is named after Sir Dominic John Corrigan, who first described the pulse in the context of aortic regurgitation. His detailed observations and descriptions have contributed significantly to the understanding of cardiovascular pathophysiology.

Also see

• Aortic regurgitation
• Pulse pressure
• Heart sounds
• Cardiac output

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