Human placenta

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of more than 200 related viruses, of which more than 40 are spread through direct sexual contact. Among these, a few HPV types can lead to the development of cancerous conditions, while others can cause conditions such as genital warts.

Types and associated diseases

There are more than 200 types of HPV, over 40 of which are typically transmitted through sexual contact. Different types of HPV are known to cause different conditions. High-risk types, such as HPV 16 and 18, can cause cervical cancer, anal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, vulvar cancer, and penile cancer. Low-risk types, such as HPV 6 and 11, can cause conditions like genital warts and respiratory papillomatosis.

Transmission

HPV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact and most people are infected with HPV shortly after becoming sexually active. It can also be passed on through close skin-to-skin contact and childbirth.

Prevention

The primary method of preventing HPV infection is through vaccination. The HPV vaccine is highly effective at preventing infection with the types of HPV most likely to cause genital warts and cervical cancer.

Treatment

There is currently no specific treatment for HPV infection. However, the conditions it can cause can often be treated. For example, genital warts can be treated with prescription medication, and cervical cancer can often be treated successfully if it is detected early through regular Pap smear testing.

See also

• Cervical cancer
• HPV vaccine
• Genital warts
• Pap smear