Keppra Xr

Keppra XR is an extended-release formulation of levetiracetam, a medication used in the management and treatment of epilepsy. Levetiracetam belongs to a class of drugs known as antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), which help to control seizures in people with epilepsy. Keppra XR is specifically designed to be taken once daily, offering a convenient dosing schedule compared to the immediate-release formulation, which is typically taken twice daily.

Medical Uses

Keppra XR is indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 12 years of age and older. It can be used as a monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial-onset seizures, myoclonic seizures in patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy, and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in individuals with Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy.

Mechanism of Action

The exact mechanism by which levetiracetam exerts its antiepileptic effect is not fully understood. However, it is believed to involve the inhibition of neuronal voltage-dependent N-type calcium channels, reduction of delayed rectifier potassium current, and modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate release. These actions help to stabilize neuronal membranes and prevent the spread of seizure activity.

Pharmacokinetics

Keppra XR is designed for once-daily administration. Its extended-release formulation allows for a more consistent release of medication over a 24-hour period, leading to stable blood levels of levetiracetam throughout the day. This can help to minimize fluctuations in blood levels that might be associated with seizure control or side effects.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Keppra XR include somnolence, asthenia (weakness), dizziness, and infection. Like other antiepileptic drugs, it may also cause behavioral changes, including symptoms of aggression, agitation, anger, anxiety, apathy, mood swings, depression, and irritability. Serious side effects can include suicidal thoughts or actions, and changes in mood or behavior.

Interactions

Levetiracetam has a low potential for drug interactions because it does not significantly induce or inhibit hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes. However, interactions can still occur, and it is important for patients to inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and dietary supplements.

Administration

Keppra XR is available in tablet form and should be taken once daily, with or without food. The tablets must be swallowed whole and should not be chewed or crushed.

Conclusion

Keppra XR represents an important option in the management of epilepsy, offering the benefits of once-daily dosing and a relatively favorable side effect profile. As with any medication, it is important for patients to work closely with their healthcare provider to determine if Keppra XR is the right choice for their seizure management.