List of countries by access to clean water

Share of the population without access to an improved water source, 2020

List of countries by access to clean water

The list of countries by access to clean water provides an overview of the availability and quality of drinking water in different nations. Access to clean water is a critical component of public health, economic development, and quality of life. This list is often used by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations (UN) to monitor progress towards global health goals, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Importance of Clean Water

Access to clean water is essential for maintaining hygiene, preventing waterborne diseases, and supporting agriculture and industry. Lack of clean water can lead to severe health issues, including diarrhea, cholera, and other infectious diseases. It also impacts education, as children, especially girls, may miss school to collect water.

Measurement

Access to clean water is typically measured by the percentage of the population using improved drinking water sources. Improved sources include piped water, protected wells, and rainwater collection. Data is collected through national surveys and international monitoring programs.

Global Overview

Countries are often categorized based on their level of access to clean water:

• High Access: Countries where more than 90% of the population has access to clean water. Examples include United States, Canada, and most of Europe.
• Moderate Access: Countries where 70-90% of the population has access. Examples include Brazil, China, and India.
• Low Access: Countries where less than 70% of the population has access. Examples include many nations in Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South Asia.

Regional Disparities

Access to clean water varies significantly between urban and rural areas. Urban areas generally have better infrastructure and higher access rates, while rural areas may rely on less reliable sources. Efforts to improve access often focus on building infrastructure, such as water treatment plants and distribution networks.

Challenges

Several challenges hinder access to clean water, including:

• Climate change: Alters water availability and quality.
• Pollution: Industrial and agricultural activities can contaminate water sources.
• Population growth: Increases demand for water resources.
• Political instability: Can disrupt water supply systems.

Efforts to Improve Access

Various international and national initiatives aim to improve access to clean water. These include:

• Sustainable Development Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
• WaterAid: An international non-governmental organization focused on water, sanitation, and hygiene.
• UNICEF: Works to provide clean water to children and families in need.

See Also

• Water supply and sanitation by country
• Water scarcity
• Water pollution
• Sanitation
• Public health