Long qt syndrome

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a genetic disorder that affects the heart's electrical activity. It is characterized by a prolonged QT interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG), which can lead to arrhythmias, syncope, and sudden cardiac arrest.

Signs and Symptoms

Individuals with Long QT syndrome may experience:

• Palpitations
• Fainting
• Seizures
• Sudden cardiac arrest

These symptoms are often triggered by physical exertion, emotional stress, or auditory stimuli.

Genetics

Long QT syndrome can be inherited in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive manner. The most common forms are:

• LQT1: Caused by mutations in the KCNQ1 gene.
• LQT2: Caused by mutations in the KCNH2 gene.
• LQT3: Caused by mutations in the SCN5A gene.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Long QT syndrome is typically made through:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Genetic testing
• Holter monitoring
• Exercise stress test

Treatment

Treatment options for Long QT syndrome include:

• Beta blockers
• Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)
• Lifestyle modifications
• Left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD)

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment and lifestyle modifications, individuals with Long QT syndrome can lead relatively normal lives. However, the risk of sudden cardiac death remains a concern.

Related Pages

• Arrhythmia
• Cardiac arrest
• Electrocardiogram
• Genetic disorder
• Syncope