Low pressure hydrocephalus
Low Pressure Hydrocephalus
Low pressure hydrocephalus is a rare form of hydrocephalus characterized by the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricular system of the brain, despite normal or low intracranial pressure. This condition can lead to significant neurological symptoms and requires careful management.
Pathophysiology
Low pressure hydrocephalus occurs when there is an imbalance between the production and absorption of CSF, leading to ventricular enlargement. Unlike typical hydrocephalus, where increased intracranial pressure is a hallmark, low pressure hydrocephalus presents with normal or even low pressure readings. This paradoxical situation can be due to impaired CSF absorption or altered brain compliance.
Clinical Presentation
Patients with low pressure hydrocephalus may present with a variety of symptoms, including:
These symptoms can overlap with other forms of hydrocephalus and neurological disorders, making diagnosis challenging.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of low pressure hydrocephalus involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and pressure monitoring. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans can reveal ventricular enlargement. Lumbar puncture may show normal or low opening pressure, which is a key diagnostic feature.
Treatment
Management of low pressure hydrocephalus often involves surgical intervention. The most common treatment is the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt to divert CSF and relieve symptoms. Adjustments to the shunt system may be necessary to maintain appropriate CSF drainage without causing overdrainage.
Prognosis
The prognosis for patients with low pressure hydrocephalus varies. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can lead to significant improvement in symptoms. However, some patients may experience persistent or recurrent symptoms despite treatment.
Related Pages
WikiMD neurology
External links
- Comprehensive information from the National Institute of health.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
