Malignant ascites

Malignant ascites is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, a space within the abdomen, due to cancer. It is a common complication in advanced cancer patients, particularly those with ovarian, breast, colon, stomach, and pancreatic cancer.

Etiology

The exact cause of malignant ascites is not fully understood, but it is believed to be due to a combination of factors. These include increased pressure in the blood vessels, blockage of the lymphatic system, and the production of fluid by the cancer cells themselves. Cancer cells can also cause inflammation and damage to the peritoneal lining, leading to fluid accumulation.

Symptoms

The symptoms of malignant ascites can vary depending on the amount of fluid present and the underlying cancer. Common symptoms include abdominal discomfort or pain, bloating, shortness of breath, loss of appetite, and weight gain. In severe cases, patients may experience difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, and constipation.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of malignant ascites typically involves a physical examination, imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scan, and laboratory tests. A sample of the ascitic fluid may also be taken for analysis to confirm the presence of cancer cells.

Treatment

Treatment for malignant ascites aims to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. This may involve draining the fluid from the abdomen, a procedure known as paracentesis. Medications to reduce fluid production or increase its removal may also be used. In some cases, surgery or chemotherapy may be recommended.

Prognosis

The prognosis for malignant ascites is generally poor, as it is often a sign of advanced cancer. However, treatment can help to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

See also

• Peritoneal cavity
• Cancer
• Ascites
• Paracentesis

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