Mitral valve annuloplasty

Mitral Valve Annuloplasty is a surgical procedure aimed at treating mitral valve regurgitation, a condition where the mitral valve in the heart does not close tightly, allowing blood to flow backward in the heart. This procedure involves the repair of the mitral valve's annulus, which is the ring-like structure that supports the valve. Mitral valve annuloplasty is considered when the mitral regurgitation is severe and symptomatic, and it is designed to improve the function of the mitral valve and reduce or eliminate the regurgitation.

Indications

Mitral valve annuloplasty is indicated for patients with symptomatic severe mitral regurgitation due to a variety of causes, including mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic heart disease, and endocarditis. It is also indicated in patients with asymptomatic severe mitral regurgitation with signs of left ventricular dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, or new onset of atrial fibrillation.

Procedure

The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia through a median sternotomy, where the chest is opened in the middle. Cardiopulmonary bypass is required to maintain the circulation during the surgery. The surgeon accesses the mitral valve and assesses its structure and the extent of the damage. Depending on the findings, the surgeon may perform a ring annuloplasty, where a prosthetic ring is sewn around the annulus to tighten it, or a suture annuloplasty, where sutures are used to reshape and stabilize the annulus. The goal is to restore the normal shape and size of the mitral valve annulus, thus ensuring better coaptation of the mitral leaflets and reducing regurgitation.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, mitral valve annuloplasty carries certain risks and complications. These may include bleeding, infection, stroke, heart attack, and the need for a repeat surgery. There is also a risk of prosthetic ring dehiscence, where the ring detaches from the annulus, and heart rhythm disturbances.

Recovery

Postoperative recovery involves a stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) for close monitoring, followed by a period of recovery in the hospital. The total hospital stay can vary from a few days to a week, depending on the patient's overall health and the presence of any complications. Full recovery and return to normal activities can take several weeks to months. Patients will need to participate in cardiac rehabilitation and follow-up with their cardiologist for regular check-ups.

Outcomes

The outcomes of mitral valve annuloplasty are generally positive, with many patients experiencing significant improvement in their symptoms and quality of life. The procedure has a high success rate in reducing or eliminating mitral regurgitation and improving heart function. However, long-term outcomes depend on the underlying cause of the mitral regurgitation, the presence of other heart conditions, and the patient's adherence to postoperative care and lifestyle modifications.

Cardiovascular disease A-Z

Most common cardiac diseases

• Cardiac arrhythmia‎
• Cardiogenetic disorders‎
• Cardiomegaly‎
• Cardiomyopathy‎
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation‎
• Chronic rheumatic heart diseases‎
• Congenital heart defects‎
• Heart neoplasia‎
• Ischemic heart diseases‎
• Pericardial disorders
• Syndromes affecting the heart‎
• Valvular heart disease‎

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

A

• Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
• Acute decompensated heart failure
• Arteriosclerotic heart disease
• Athletic heart syndrome
• Atrial flutter
• Atrioventricular fistula
• Cardiovascular disease in Australia
• Autoimmune heart disease

B

• Brown atrophy of the heart

C

• Ebb Cade
• Cardiac allograft vasculopathy
• Cardiac amyloidosis
• Cardiac asthma
• Cardiac tamponade
• Cardiogenic shock
• Cardiogeriatrics
• Cardiorenal syndrome
• Cardiotoxicity
• Carditis
• Coronary artery aneurysm
• Coronary artery anomaly
• Coronary artery disease
• Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
• Coronary artery ectasia
• Coronary occlusion
• Coronary steal
• Coronary thrombosis
• Coronary vasospasm
• Cœur en sabot
• Coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy

D

• Duke Treadmill Score
• Duroziez's disease

E

• Eisenmenger's syndrome
• Embryocardia
• Endocardial fibroelastosis
• Eosinophilic myocarditis

H

• Heart attack
• Heart failure
• Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
• Heart to Heart (1949 film)
• High-output heart failure
• Hyperdynamic precordium

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

I

• Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis
• Interventricular dyssynchrony
• Intraventricular dyssynchrony
• Isolated atrial amyloidosis

K

• Keshan disease

L

• Loeffler endocarditis

M

• Mydicar
• Myocardial bridge
• Myocardial disarray
• Myocardial rupture
• Myocardial scarring
• Myocardial stunning
• Myocarditis

N

• Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis

O

• OLR1
• Ostial disease

P

• Papillary fibroelastoma
• Pathophysiology of heart failure
• Postpericardiotomy syndrome
• Pulmonary vein stenosis

R

• Right axis deviation
• Roemheld syndrome

S

• Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease
• SCAR-Fc
• Shone's syndrome
• Strain pattern
• Subacute bacterial endocarditis
• Sudden cardiac death of athletes

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

T

• Traumatic cardiac arrest

V

• Ventricular aneurysm
• Vibroacoustic disease
• Viral cardiomyopathy

W

• Waon therapy