Oropharyngeal

Oropharyngeal cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the oropharynx, the middle part of the throat. The oropharynx includes the back one-third of the tongue, the soft palate, the side and back walls of the throat, and the tonsils.

Causes

The exact cause of oropharyngeal cancer is not known. However, certain factors are known to increase the risk of developing this type of cancer. These include:

• Tobacco use: This is the most common risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer. Both smoking and smokeless tobacco (such as chewing tobacco) can increase the risk.
• Alcohol use: Heavy drinking is another major risk factor. The risk is even higher for people who both smoke and drink heavily.
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: Certain types of HPV, especially HPV 16, have been linked to oropharyngeal cancer.
• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection: This virus, which causes mononucleosis, has been linked to certain types of oropharyngeal cancer.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of oropharyngeal cancer include:

• A sore throat that does not go away
• Trouble swallowing
• Unexplained weight loss
• A lump in the back of the mouth, throat or neck
• Ear pain
• A change in voice

Diagnosis

Oropharyngeal cancer is usually diagnosed through a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. The doctor may also order certain tests, such as:

• Biopsy: This is the only sure way to diagnose oropharyngeal cancer. During a biopsy, a small sample of tissue is removed and examined under a microscope.
• Imaging tests: These may include X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, and PET scans. These tests can help determine the size and location of the cancer, and whether it has spread to other parts of the body.

Treatment

Treatment for oropharyngeal cancer depends on the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and personal preferences. Options may include:

• Surgery: This is often the first line of treatment for oropharyngeal cancer. The goal is to remove as much of the cancer as possible without affecting the patient's ability to speak or swallow.
• Radiation therapy: This uses high-energy beams, such as X-rays or protons, to kill cancer cells.
• Chemotherapy: This uses drugs to kill cancer cells.

Prognosis

The prognosis for oropharyngeal cancer depends on many factors, including the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and the effectiveness of treatment.

Oropharyngeal Resources
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