Parainfluenza virus type 3
Parainfluenza type 3 is one of a group of common viruses known as human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) that cause a variety of respiratory illnesses.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Symptoms usually develop between 2 and 7 days from the time of exposure and typically resolve in 7-10 days. Symptoms may include fever, runny nose, and cough. HPIV-3 can also cause bronchiolitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia.
Risk factors[edit | edit source]
Infants and young children are particularly susceptible to HPIV-3 infections, though older adults and those with a weakened are also at risk for complications.
Transmission[edit | edit source]
HPIVs are usually spread from an infected person to others through coughing, sneezing, and/or touching.
Vaccine[edit | edit source]
There is currently no vaccine to protect against parainfluenza virus infections.
Clinical course[edit | edit source]
Most HPIV infections resolve on their own and do not require special treatment, though medical intervention may be necessary for severe breathing problems.
Repeat infections[edit | edit source]
Most adults have antibodies against parainfluenza but can get repeat infections.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Infection with human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) can be confirmed by direct detection of viral genome by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay direct detection of viral antigens in respiratory secretions (collected within 1 week of symptom onset) using immunofluorescence or enzyme immunoassay isolation and identification of the virus in cell culture demonstration of a significant rise in HPIV-specific IgG antibodies between appropriately collected paired serum specimens or specific IgM antibodies in a single serum specimen
Prevention and Treatment[edit | edit source]
Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent HPIV infection. However, researchers are trying to develop vaccines. Also, there is no specific antiviral treatment for HPIV illness. Most HPIV illnesses are mild and typically require only treatment of symptoms.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
