Piles

Piles

Piles, also known as hemorrhoids, are swollen veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum. When the walls of these blood vessels stretch, they become irritated. Piles are a common condition that affects many people at some point in their lives.

Classification

Piles can be classified into two main types:

• Internal hemorrhoids: These occur inside the rectum and are usually not visible. They are generally painless but may cause bleeding during bowel movements.
• External hemorrhoids: These develop under the skin around the anus and can be painful. They may cause itching or bleeding.

Causes

The exact cause of piles is not always clear, but several factors may contribute to their development:

• Straining during bowel movements: This is often due to constipation or diarrhea.
• Sitting for long periods: Especially on the toilet.
• Chronic diarrhea or constipation: Both conditions can lead to straining.
• Obesity: Excess weight can increase pressure on the veins in the rectal area.
• Pregnancy: The increased pressure in the abdomen can lead to hemorrhoids.
• Low-fiber diet: A diet lacking in fiber can lead to constipation and straining.

Symptoms

The symptoms of piles can vary depending on the type and severity:

• Bleeding: Bright red blood may be seen on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl.
• Itching or irritation: Around the anal region.
• Pain or discomfort: Especially during bowel movements.
• Swelling: Around the anus.
• A lump near the anus: Which may be sensitive or painful.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of piles typically involves a physical examination and may include:

• Visual inspection: A doctor may examine the anal area for external hemorrhoids.
• Digital rectal exam: To check for internal hemorrhoids.
• Anoscopy: A small tube with a light is used to view the anal canal and rectum.

Treatment

Treatment options for piles depend on the severity and type:

• Lifestyle changes: Increasing fiber intake, drinking plenty of fluids, and exercising regularly can help.
• Over-the-counter treatments: Creams, ointments, and suppositories can relieve symptoms.
• Minimally invasive procedures: Such as rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, or infrared coagulation.
• Surgical options: Hemorrhoidectomy or stapled hemorrhoidopexy may be necessary for severe cases.

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Eating a high-fiber diet: To prevent constipation.
• Staying hydrated: Drinking plenty of water.
• Exercising regularly: To maintain a healthy weight.
• Avoiding prolonged sitting: Especially on the toilet.

Also see

• Constipation
• Anal fissure
• Colorectal cancer
• Irritable bowel syndrome