Proteinuria

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Proteinuria
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Synonyms Albuminuria
Pronounce N/A
Specialty N/A
Symptoms Foamy urine, edema, hypertension
Complications Chronic kidney disease, nephrotic syndrome
Onset Can occur at any age
Duration Varies depending on underlying cause
Types N/A
Causes Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis
Risks Diabetes, high blood pressure, family history of kidney disease
Diagnosis Urinalysis, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, 24-hour urine collection
Differential diagnosis Hematuria, urinary tract infection, benign prostatic hyperplasia
Prevention N/A
Treatment ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, dietary changes
Medication Lisinopril, Losartan
Prognosis N/A
Frequency Common in individuals with diabetes or hypertension
Deaths N/A


Proteinuria derives its name from the combination of the words protein and urine. It signifies the presence of an excessive quantity of serum proteins in the urine. The phenomenon often acts as a clinical marker, pointing towards potential damage to the renal (kidney) system.

Overview[edit | edit source]

While serum proteins are naturally reabsorbed from urine, their excessive presence suggests anomalies in the renal functions. This can be indicative of either an insufficiency in absorption or issues related to impaired filtration. A commonly observed instance of this phenomenon is among diabetics. The damage inflicted on nephrons due to diabetes often culminates in proteinuria. Advanced stages of proteinuria can escalate to hypoproteinemia, which is characterized by an overall decrease in the protein content in the blood. This can lead to a reduced oncotic pressure, manifesting symptoms like ascites (fluid buildup in the abdominal cavity), edema (swelling due to fluid retention), and hydrothorax (fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity).

Conditions associated with Proteinuria[edit | edit source]

Proteinuria can emerge as a symptom in various conditions, including:

Diagnosis and Treatment[edit | edit source]

The detection of proteinuria is primarily conducted through a simple urine test. In case proteinuria is confirmed, additional tests might be prescribed to ascertain the underlying cause. The treatment subsequently administered hinges on tackling the root cause.

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD