Vestibular sense

Vestibular Sense is a component of the sensory system that contributes to the sense of balance and spatial orientation for the purpose of coordinating movement with balance. It is derived from the inner ear and allows for the perception of our body in relation to gravity, movement, and acceleration.

Anatomy and Function

The vestibular system is composed of two main structures: the semicircular canals, which detect rotational movements; and the otolith organs, which perceive linear accelerations. These structures are located in the inner ear and are filled with a fluid called endolymph.

The semicircular canals are oriented in three different planes and each canal corresponds to a different axis of rotation. The otolith organs, the utricle and the saccule, detect linear movements, such as those experienced when riding in a car or elevator.

When the head moves, the endolymph within these structures shifts, causing sensory hair cells to bend. This bending triggers an electrical signal that is sent to the brain via the vestibular nerve. The brain then interprets this signal to determine the body's orientation and motion.

Clinical Significance

Disorders of the vestibular system can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, imbalance, and tinnitus. These conditions can be caused by a variety of factors, including aging, infections, medications, and trauma. Treatment for vestibular disorders often involves physical therapy, medication, or in some cases, surgery.

See Also

• Balance disorder
• Vestibular system
• Sensory system
• Inner ear