Blood sugar

Blood sugar, scientifically known as glucose concentration, refers to the amount of glucose present in the blood of humans and animals. Glucose, a simple sugar derived from the foods we consume, plays a pivotal role in maintaining the vital energy requirements of the body.

Testing Blood Sugar Levels

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Homeostasis of blood sugar

Glucose meters

Glucose

Glucose is a primary carbohydrate that circulates in the bloodstream. Once digested from food and absorbed into the bloodstream, it becomes the principal energy source for body cells and blood lipids. This ensures that the body, especially vital organs like the brain, functions properly and efficiently.

Regulation of Blood Sugar Levels

The human body meticulously regulates blood sugar levels to ensure a balance between energy supply and demand. This balance is primarily maintained by the hormones insulin and glucagon, which are produced by the pancreas. Insulin helps cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream, while glucagon helps release stored glucose from the liver when blood sugar levels drop.

Abnormal Blood Sugar Levels

Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar) When the concentration of glucose in the blood drops below the normal range, it is termed as hypoglycemia or low blood sugar. Symptoms can range from mild, such as dizziness or sweating, to severe, including unconsciousness or seizures. Causes might be due to prolonged fasting, excessive insulin intake, or certain medical conditions.

Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar) Conversely, hyperglycemia denotes elevated blood sugar levels. Persistent hyperglycemia can be an indicator of diabetes mellitus, a chronic condition wherein the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or fails to effectively utilize the insulin it does produce. Over time, uncontrolled high blood sugar can lead to numerous complications affecting the heart, eyes, kidneys, and other organs.

Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of diseases that result in prolonged high blood sugar levels. People with this condition may experience frequent urination, increased thirst, and unexplained weight loss, among other symptoms. Chronic hyperglycemia associated with diabetes can lead to severe health complications, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and effective management.

Blood sugar Resources
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