Chronic cholecystitis

Chronic Cholecystitis is a long-standing inflammation of the gallbladder, typically caused by recurrent episodes of acute cholecystitis. The condition is characterized by the presence of gallstones, which are hard, pebble-like deposits that develop in the gallbladder.

Etiology

The primary cause of chronic cholecystitis is the presence of gallstones. These form when substances in the bile, such as cholesterol and bilirubin, harden into stones. Gallstones can block the cystic duct, leading to inflammation and infection of the gallbladder.

Symptoms

Symptoms of chronic cholecystitis can vary, but often include abdominal pain, particularly in the upper right quadrant, nausea, vomiting, and fever. The pain is often described as sharp, cramping, or aching, and can radiate to the back or right shoulder.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests. Ultrasound is often the first imaging test used, as it is highly sensitive for detecting gallstones. Other tests, such as a HIDA scan, may be used to evaluate gallbladder function and confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for chronic cholecystitis typically involves surgery to remove the gallbladder, a procedure known as a cholecystectomy. This can be done laparoscopically or through an open procedure. In some cases, medications may be used to dissolve gallstones, but this is less common.

Prognosis

The prognosis for chronic cholecystitis is generally good with treatment. Most people can live a normal life without a gallbladder, although some dietary modifications may be necessary.

See Also

• Acute cholecystitis
• Gallstones
• Cholecystectomy