Clitoral enlargement

Clitoral Enlargement

Clitoral enlargement, also known as clitoromegaly, refers to an increase in the size of the clitoris. This condition can be congenital or acquired and may be associated with various medical conditions, hormonal imbalances, or external factors.

Anatomy and Physiology

The clitoris is a complex structure composed of erectile tissue, nerves, and blood vessels. It is homologous to the male penis and plays a crucial role in female sexual arousal and pleasure. The clitoris consists of the glans, body, and crura, which extend internally along the pubic bone.

Causes of Clitoral Enlargement

Clitoral enlargement can result from several causes, including:

• Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH): A genetic disorder affecting adrenal gland function, leading to excess production of androgens, which can cause clitoromegaly in female infants.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age, characterized by elevated levels of androgens, which may lead to clitoral enlargement.
• Androgenic Steroid Use: The use of anabolic steroids or other androgenic substances can cause clitoral hypertrophy due to increased androgen levels.
• Tumors: Adrenal or ovarian tumors that produce androgens can lead to clitoromegaly.
• Idiopathic Causes: In some cases, the cause of clitoral enlargement may be unknown.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of clitoral enlargement involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests to assess hormone levels. Imaging studies, such as ultrasound or MRI, may be used to evaluate the adrenal glands and ovaries for tumors or other abnormalities.

Treatment

Treatment of clitoral enlargement depends on the underlying cause:

• Hormonal Therapy: For conditions like CAH, hormone replacement therapy may be used to balance hormone levels.
• Surgical Intervention: In cases where clitoromegaly causes significant distress or functional issues, surgical reduction may be considered.
• Discontinuation of Androgens: If caused by exogenous androgen use, stopping the medication may lead to a reduction in clitoral size.

Psychological and Social Considerations

Clitoral enlargement can have psychological and social implications for affected individuals. It is important to provide supportive counseling and address any concerns related to body image, sexual function, and identity.

Also see

• Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
• Androgen
• Female Genital Mutilation
• Intersex