Diaphragmatic eventration

Diaphragmatic eventration refers to an abnormal contour of the diaphragm, a muscle that plays a crucial role in respiration. It is characterized by an elevated position of all or part of the diaphragm, often due to paralysis or atrophy of the muscle fibers.

Etiology

Diaphragmatic eventration can be either congenital or acquired. Congenital eventration, which is present at birth, is thought to result from a developmental anomaly during embryogenesis. Acquired eventration, on the other hand, can occur as a result of injury or disease that affects the phrenic nerve, which provides the primary motor supply to the diaphragm.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with diaphragmatic eventration may be asymptomatic or may present with respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea (shortness of breath), recurrent pneumonia, or chest pain. In severe cases, the condition can lead to respiratory failure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of diaphragmatic eventration typically involves imaging studies such as chest radiography, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These can reveal the elevated position of the diaphragm and any associated lung abnormalities.

Treatment

Treatment for diaphragmatic eventration depends on the severity of the condition and the patient's symptoms. In asymptomatic cases, no treatment may be necessary. In symptomatic cases, surgical correction may be considered. This can involve plication of the diaphragm, a procedure in which the diaphragm is folded and stitched to reduce its height and improve respiratory function.

See Also

• Diaphragm (anatomy)
• Respiratory system
• Phrenic nerve