Pharynx

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(Redirected from Epipharynx)

The pharynx, commonly known as the throat, is a crucial structure in both the digestive and respiratory systems of vertebrates. It serves as a passageway connecting the back of the mouth and nose to the esophagus (the food tube) and the trachea (the windpipe).

Pharynx
Uvula without tonsils
Pharynx - Sagittal Section through Mouth, Tongue, Larynx, Pharynx and Nasal Cavity

Anatomy[edit | edit source]

The pharynx is a tubular structure that begins posterior to the nasal and oral cavities and extends downward to the opening of the esophagus and larynx. It is divided into three main sections:

  • Nasopharynx: The uppermost section, located behind the nasal cavity. It serves as an air passage and is also where the Eustachian tubes (connecting to the middle ear) open.
  • Oropharynx: Situated behind the oral cavity, this section is both an air and food passage. It includes the tonsils, which play a role in the immune response.
  • Laryngopharynx: This is the lowermost section and is continuous with both the esophagus and the larynx. It channels food to the esophagus and air to the trachea.

Function[edit | edit source]

The primary functions of the pharynx include:

  • Respiration: Serving as a passage for air between the nose and the trachea.
  • Digestion: Directing food and fluids from the mouth to the esophagus.
  • Immune defense: Tonsils located in the oropharynx play an essential role in trapping pathogens and producing antibodies.

Associated Conditions[edit | edit source]

There are several conditions and diseases that can affect the pharynx:

  • Pharyngitis: Inflammation of the pharynx, often leading to a sore throat.
  • Sleep Apnea: A condition where the muscles of the pharynx collapse during sleep, causing breathing interruptions.
  • Tonsillitis: Inflammation of the tonsils, which are located in the oropharynx.
  • Cancers: Tumors can develop in the tissues of the pharynx.

See Also[edit | edit source]

  • Esophagus: The tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach.
  • Larynx: Also known as the voice box, located below the pharynx.
  • Respiratory System: The system responsible for breathing.
  • Digestive System: The system responsible for processing food.





Pharynx Resources
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD