Glossary of bacteriology

This glossary provides concise definitions and explanations of key terms in the field of bacteriology, each linked for easy navigation to more detailed entries.

A

• Abditibacteriota - A recently identified phylum of bacteria.
• Abiogenic petroleum origin - A theory that explains the formation of petroleum through non-biological processes.
• Acetobacterium carbinolicum - A species known for its role in the production of acetic acid from carbon monoxide.
• Acetogen - Bacteria capable of producing acetate from carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
• Acetomicrobium flavidum - A species of bacteria within the phylum Firmicutes.
• Acetomicrobium hydrogeniformans - A species known for producing hydrogen.
• Achroonema - A genus of filamentous bacteria.
• Acid-fastness - A characteristic of certain bacteria, particularly Mycobacterium species, that makes them resistant to decolorization by acids during staining procedures.
• Acidophiles in acid mine drainage - Bacteria that thrive in acidic environments, such as those found in acid mine drainage.
• Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria - Bacteria that perform photosynthesis in the presence of oxygen without producing oxygen.
• Aliidiomarina - A genus of bacteria known for its presence in marine environments.
• Alkaliphile - Organisms that thrive in environments with a high pH level.
• Altered Schaedler flora - A defined mixture of bacterial species used in laboratory research to colonize the gut of germ-free animals.
• Alterococcus agarolyticus - A marine bacterium capable of degrading agar.
• Alterococcus - A genus of bacteria known for its role in marine environments.
• Aminiphilus - A genus of bacteria known for its ability to degrade amino acids.
• Aminivibrio - A genus of bacteria involved in the nitrogen cycle.
• Aminobacterium colombiense - A species of bacteria within the Aminobacterium genus.
• Aminobacterium mobile - A species known for its mobility and presence in anaerobic environments.
• Aminobacterium thunnarium - A species identified from marine environments.
• Aminobacterium - A genus of bacteria that plays a role in the nitrogen cycle.
• Aminomonas - A genus known for its role in amino acid degradation.
• Ammonifex degensii - A thermophilic bacterium that can oxidize hydrogen or reduce sulfate.
• Ammonifex thiophilus - A thermophilic bacterium known for its sulfur-reducing capabilities.
• Ammonifex - A genus of thermophilic bacteria involved in nitrogen and sulfur cycles.
• Anaeramoeba - A hypothetical genus, not directly related to bacteriology but sometimes found in discussions of microbial life forms.
• Anaerobic organism - Organisms that do not require oxygen for growth and may even be inhibited or killed by oxygen.
• Anaerobutyricum hallii - A species of bacteria known for butyrate production in the gut.
• Anaerohalosphaera - A genus of halophilic, anaerobic bacteria.
• Anaerolinea thermolimosa - A species of thermophilic, filamentous bacteria.
• Anaerolinea thermophila - A thermophilic species within the Anaerolinea genus.
• Anaerolinea - A genus of filamentous bacteria found in thermal environments.
• Anaerolineaceae - A family of filamentous bacteria within the phylum Chloroflexi.
• Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans - A species known for its ability to dehalogenate environmental pollutants.
• Anaeroplasmatales - An order of bacteria within the class Mollicutes.
• Analytical profile index - A system used for the identification of bacteria based on various biochemical tests.
• Antibacterial soap - Soap containing chemical ingredients intended to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.
• Antibiotic resistance in gonorrhea - The phenomenon where Neisseria gonorrhoeae develops resistance to antibiotics used to treat gonorrhea.
• Aquificaceae - A family of thermophilic bacteria found in hydrothermal environments.
• Aquisphaera - A genus of bacteria known for its presence in aquatic environments.
• Archaea - A domain of single-celled microorganisms distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes, often found in extreme environments.
• Archaeal virus - Viruses that infect archaeal cells.
• Ardenticatena - A genus of chain-forming bacteria.
• Arsenate-reducing bacteria - Bacteria capable of reducing arsenate to arsenite, playing a role in the biogeochemical cycling of arsenic.
• Asymmetric bacterium - Bacteria with an asymmetric cell shape or structure.
• Atribacter - A genus of bacteria known for its presence in anaerobic environments.
• Atribacterota - A recently identified phylum of anaerobic bacteria.
• Atypical bacteria - Bacteria that do not fit the typical characteristics of their group, often used to describe bacteria that lack a cell wall.
• Auramine–rhodamine stain - A fluorescent staining method used for the detection of acid-fast bacteria.
• Austin Creek - Not directly related to bacteriology; possibly a misentry or a specific environmental study location.
• Autochaperone - A part of a protein that aids in its own folding or assembly without the need for other chaperone proteins.
• Azoamicus ciliaticola - A species of bacteria capable of nitrogen fixation.

B

• Bacillus (shape) - A term describing the rod-shaped morphology of certain bacteria.
• Bacillus isolates - Strains of bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus, isolated from various environments.
• Bacillus odysseyi - A species of bacteria known for its resistance to harsh conditions, named after NASA's Odyssey spacecraft.
• Bacillus pumilus - A species of bacteria found in soil and associated with plant roots.
• Bacillus safensis - A species of bacteria originally found in spacecraft assembly facilities.
• Bacillus subtilis - A model organism in microbiology, known for its ability to form endospores.
• Bacteria - A large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms, typically a few micrometers in length, that exist in a wide range of environments.
• Bacterial anaerobic corrosion - Corrosion caused by the metabolic activities of anaerobic bacteria, such as sulfate-reducing bacteria.
• Bacterial cell structure - The complex structure of bacterial cells, which includes the cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material.
• Bacterial cellular morphologies - The various shapes and arrangements of bacterial cells, including cocci, bacilli, spirilla, and more.
• Bacterial cellulose - A form of cellulose produced by certain bacteria, notable for its purity and strength.
• Bacterial colony optimization - An algorithm inspired by the behavior of bacterial colonies, used in computational and engineering problems.
• Bacterial evolution - The process by which bacterial species evolve over time through genetic changes and natural selection.
• Bacterial genetics - The study of heredity and variation in bacteria.
• Bacterial genome - The complete set of genetic information found in a bacterial cell.
• Bacterial gliding - A mechanism of motility in some bacteria that allows them to move across surfaces without the use of flagella.
• Bacterial glutathione transferase - Enzymes in bacteria that are involved in detoxification processes.
• Bacterial lawn - A uniform layer of bacteria grown on a culture medium, used in laboratory experiments.
• Bacterial motility - The ability of bacteria to move through their environment using mechanisms such as flagella, pili, or gliding.
• Bacterial oxidation - The process by which bacteria oxidize various substrates, often used in the context of bioremediation.
• Bacterial taxonomy - The classification, identification, and naming of bacteria.
• Bacterial therapy - The use of bacteria or bacterial products in the treatment of diseases.
• Bacterial transcription - The process by which the genetic information in bacterial DNA is transcribed into RNA.
• Bacteriocinogen - A genetic element within bacteria that codes for the production of bacteriocins, proteins that can inhibit or kill other bacteria.
• Bacteriovoracales - An order of predatory bacteria known for their ability to prey on other bacteria.
• Bacteriuria - The presence of bacteria in the urine, which can indicate a urinary tract infection.
• Bacteroides fragilis - A species of bacteria that is part of the normal flora of the human gut but can cause infection if it enters the bloodstream or tissues.
• Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron - A species of bacteria that plays a significant role in the digestion of polysaccharides in the human gut.
• Bacteroides ureolyticus - A species of bacteria that can break down urea, often associated with urinary tract infections.
• Bacteroides - A genus of Gram-negative bacteria that are prominent in the human gut microbiome.
• Balneola - A genus of bacteria found in marine environments.
• Balneolaceae - A family of bacteria within the order Balneolales, known for their presence in aquatic environments.
• Balneolales - An order of bacteria within the phylum Bacteroidetes.
• Bdellovibrionaceae - A family of predatory bacteria that prey on other Gram-negative bacteria.
• Bdellovibrionales - An order of predatory bacteria within the class Oligoflexia.
• Bdellovibrionota - A phylum of bacteria known for containing predatory species.
• Bellilinea - A genus of filamentous bacteria within the phylum Chloroflexi.
• Bifidobacterium adolescentis - A species of bacteria that is part of the normal flora of the human intestine and is believed to have probiotic properties.
• Bifidobacterium longum - A species of bacteria commonly found in the human gut, with potential health benefits.
• Bifidobacterium - A genus of Gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacteria that are a significant component of the mammalian gut microbiota.
• Biogenic sulfide corrosion - Corrosion caused by the production of hydrogen sulfide by sulfate-reducing bacteria.
• Bioluminescent bacteria - Bacteria that produce light through a chemical reaction involving a light-emitting molecule and an enzyme.
• Bioprecipitation - The process by which airborne bacteria serve as nuclei for raindrop formation.
• Blastopirellula cremea - A species of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes.
• Blautia obeum - A species of bacteria found in the human gut microbiome.
• Blautia wexlerae - A species of bacteria that is part of the human intestinal flora.
• Boudabousia - A genus of bacteria within the class Gammaproteobacteria.
• Bowdeniella nasicola - A species of bacteria known for its presence in the nasal cavities of animals.
• Brevefilum - A genus of bacteria known for its short filamentous form.
• Brevifollis - A genus of bacteria characterized by short, filamentous cells.
• Brocadia fulgida - A species of anammox bacteria involved in the nitrogen cycle.
• Brockia lithotrophica - A species of bacteria that can metabolize inorganic compounds.
• Brockia - A genus of bacteria known for its ability to metabolize inorganic compounds.
• Buchananella hordeovulneris - A species of bacteria associated with barley crops.
• Buellia frigida - Not directly related to bacteriology; may refer to a species of lichen.
• Butyrivibrio hungatei - A species of bacteria known for its role in the fermentation of dietary fibers in the rumen.
• Butyrivibrio - A genus of bacteria that plays a significant role in the digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose in the guts of herbivores.
• Bythopirellula - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes.

C

• Cable bacteria - Filamentous bacteria that conduct electricity over centimeter distances in sediments, linking oxygen reduction at the surface with sulfide oxidation in deeper layers.
• Caldanaerobacter uzonensis - A species of thermophilic bacteria found in hot springs.
• Caldanaerobacter - A genus of thermophilic bacteria involved in various biochemical processes.
• Caldanaerobius fijiensis - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its presence in hot springs.
• Caldanaerobius polysaccharolyticus - A species of thermophilic bacteria that can degrade polysaccharides.
• Caldanaerobius zeae - A species of thermophilic bacteria associated with the degradation of corn (zea) biomass.
• Caldanaerobius - A genus of thermophilic bacteria known for its ability to degrade complex carbohydrates.
• Caldanaerovirga - A genus of bacteria within the order Thermoanaerobacterales.
• Caldicellulosiruptor bescii - A species of extremely thermophilic bacteria capable of breaking down cellulose.
• Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus - A thermophilic bacterium known for its ability to ferment a wide range of sugars.
• Caldicellulosiruptor - A genus of extremely thermophilic bacteria known for their ability to degrade plant biomass.
• Caldilinea aerophila - A species of thermophilic, filamentous bacteria.
• Caldimicrobium rimae - A species of thermophilic bacteria found in hydrothermal environments.
• Caldimicrobium thiodismutans - A thermophilic bacterium known for its ability to dismutate sulfur compounds.
• Caldimicrobium - A genus of thermophilic bacteria involved in sulfur metabolism.
• Caldisericum - A genus of thermophilic bacteria within its own phylum, Caldiserica.
• Caldithrix - A genus of thermophilic, filamentous bacteria.
• Calditrichaceae - A family of thermophilic, filamentous bacteria within the order Calditrichales.
• Calditrichales - An order of thermophilic, filamentous bacteria.
• Calditrichia - A genus within the family Calditrichaceae, known for its thermophilic and filamentous characteristics.
• Calditrichota - A phylum of bacteria known for containing thermophilic and filamentous species.
• Caloribacterium - A genus of thermophilic bacteria known for its presence in hot environments.
• Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola - A proposed species of bacteria associated with palm diseases.
• Candidatus Phytoplasma sacchari - A proposed species of bacteria associated with sugarcane diseases.
• Candidatus - A term used for describing bacteria that have not been cultured or fully characterized but have been identified through molecular methods.
• Capsulimonas - A genus of bacteria known for its capsulated cells.
• Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae - A group of bacteria that are resistant to carbapenem antibiotics, posing significant healthcare challenges.
• Carboxydothermus - A genus of thermophilic bacteria that can metabolize carbon monoxide.
• Carcinogenic bacteria - Bacteria that have been linked to the development of cancer in humans or animals.
• Cardiobacterium valvarum - A species of bacteria associated with endocarditis.
• Catabolite repression - A regulatory mechanism in bacteria where the presence of a preferred carbon source inhibits the utilization of other carbon sources.
• Catenulispora - A genus of actinobacteria known for its potential in producing novel antibiotics.
• Cell envelope - The multilayered structure surrounding bacterial cells, including the cell wall and cell membrane.
• Cellulophaga - A genus of bacteria known for its ability to degrade cellulose.
• Cephaloticoccus capnophilus - A species of bacteria that thrives in carbon dioxide-rich environments.
• Cephaloticoccus - A genus of bacteria known for its preference for carbon dioxide-rich environments.
• Cerasicoccus arenae - A species of bacteria isolated from sandy environments.
• Cerasicoccus frondis - A species of bacteria associated with plant surfaces.
• Cerasicoccus - A genus of bacteria known for its presence in various environmental niches.
• Cetobacterium ceti - A species of bacteria associated with the intestinal tract of cetaceans.
• Cetobacterium somerae - A species of bacteria found in the digestive systems of fish.
• Cetobacterium - A genus of bacteria known for its presence in the gastrointestinal tracts of aquatic animals.
• Chlamydiales - An order of bacteria that includes pathogens of humans and animals, known for their unique developmental cycle.
• Chlorobaculum tepidum - A species of green sulfur bacteria capable of photosynthesis in low-light environments.
• Chlorobium chlorochromatii - A species of green sulfur bacteria involved in photosynthesis.
• Chlorobium - A genus of green sulfur bacteria known for their role in photosynthesis in anoxic environments.
• Chloroflexales - An order of bacteria within the phylum Chloroflexi, known for their diversity in metabolic capabilities.
• Chloroflexia - A class within the phylum Chloroflexi, characterized by green non-sulfur bacteria.
• Chloroflexota - A phylum of bacteria known for containing green non-sulfur bacteria and related taxa.
• Chloroflexus aggregans - A species of green non-sulfur bacteria known for forming aggregates.
• Chloroflexus aurantiacus - A species of green non-sulfur bacteria capable of photosynthesis and thermophily.
• Chloroflexus islandicus - A thermophilic species of green non-sulfur bacteria.
• Christensenella hongkongensis - A species of bacteria associated with the human gut microbiome.
• Chromatium - A genus of purple sulfur bacteria known for their role in photosynthesis.
• Chromatophore (bacteria) - A photosynthetic organelle found in certain photosynthetic bacteria.
• Chroococcidiopsis - A genus of cyanobacteria known for its extreme tolerance to desiccation and radiation.
• Chrysiogenaceae - A family of bacteria within the phylum Chrysiogenetes, known for their ability to reduce arsenate and selenate.
• Chrysiogenes arsenatis - A species of bacteria capable of reducing arsenate to arsenite.
• Class (biology) - A rank in the biological classification system, above order and below phylum.
• Cloacibacillus evryensis - A species of bacteria known for its presence in wastewater treatment plants.
• Cloacibacillus porcorum - A species of bacteria associated with the gastrointestinal tract of pigs.
• Cloacibacillus - A genus of bacteria known for its role in the decomposition of organic matter.
• Cloning vector - A DNA molecule used to artificially carry foreign genetic material into another cell, where it can be replicated and/or expressed.
• Clostridioides difficile infection - An infection caused by the bacterium Clostridioides difficile, often resulting from the disruption of normal intestinal flora by antibiotics.
• Clostridioides difficile - A species of bacteria that can cause severe diarrhea and colitis, particularly following antibiotic use.
• Clostridioides - A genus of bacteria known for including species that can cause significant gastrointestinal infections.
• Clostridium carnis - A species of bacteria within the genus Clostridium, known for its role in meat spoilage.
• Clostridium leptum - A species of bacteria that is part of the normal gut flora in humans and animals.
• Clostridium - A genus of spore-forming, anaerobic bacteria known for including both beneficial and pathogenic species.
• CoRR hypothesis - The Co-location for Redox Regulation hypothesis, suggesting that genes encoding proteins involved in electron transport chains are located in close proximity to their site of action in the cell.
• Coccobacillus - A bacterial shape that is intermediate between cocci (spherical) and bacilli (rod-shaped).
• Coccus - A spherical or oval-shaped bacterium, singular for cocci.
• Codon reassignment - The process by which a codon is reassigned to encode a different amino acid or stop signal in the genetic code of an organism, often observed in mitochondrial genomes and some bacterial species.
• Coliform bacteria - A group of bacteria found in the environment, including feces, that are used as indicators of water quality and sanitation.
• Collenia - A genus of stromatolite-forming cyanobacteria, significant in the study of early life on Earth.
• Competence factor - A substance produced by bacteria that enables them to take up extracellular DNA, a key step in natural transformation.
• Coprococcus eutactus - A species of bacteria found in the human gut microbiome.
• Coprococcus - A genus of bacteria within the family Lachnospiraceae, known for its presence in the human gut.
• Coprothermobacter platensis - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its role in the degradation of organic matter.
• Coprothermobacter proteolyticus - A thermophilic species known for its ability to degrade proteins.
• Coprothermobacteria - A class of thermophilic bacteria known for their role in the breakdown of organic materials.
• Coprothermobacterota - A phylum of thermophilic bacteria involved in the degradation of complex organic compounds.
• Coraliomargarita akajimensis - A species of bacteria known for its isolation from marine environments.
• Coraliomargarita sinensis - A species of bacteria isolated from marine coral.
• Coraliomargarita - A genus of bacteria known for its association with marine environments.
• Crenobacter cavernea - A species of bacteria known for its presence in cave environments.
• Cyanobacteria - A phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis, often referred to as "blue-green algae."
• Cystobacter - A genus of myxobacteria known for its complex life cycle and social behavior.
• Cytophaga - A genus of bacteria known for its ability to degrade complex polymers, such as cellulose and chitin.

D

• DD-transpeptidase - An enzyme involved in the cross-linking of peptidoglycan layers in bacterial cell walls, a target for beta-lactam antibiotics.
• Decolonization (medicine) - The reduction or elimination of bacterial colonization, particularly of pathogenic species, from the body to prevent infection or transmission.
• Deferribacter autotrophicus - A species of bacteria capable of autotrophic growth using iron(III) as an electron acceptor.
• Deferribacter desulfuricans - A species of bacteria known for its ability to reduce sulfur compounds.
• Deferribacter thermophilus - A thermophilic species of bacteria that can reduce iron and sulfur compounds.
• Deferribacter - A genus of bacteria known for their ability to reduce iron and other metals.
• Deferribacteraceae - A family of bacteria within the phylum Deferribacteres, known for their iron-reducing capabilities.
• Deferrisoma camini - A species of bacteria known for its iron-reducing capabilities in hydrothermal vent environments.
• Deferrisoma palaeochoriense - A species of iron-reducing bacteria isolated from a hydrothermal vent.
• Deferrisoma - A genus of bacteria known for their ability to reduce iron compounds.
• Dehalococcoidia - A class of bacteria within the phylum Chloroflexi, known for their ability to dechlorinate environmental pollutants.
• Dehalogenimonas alkenigignens - A species of bacteria capable of dehalogenating alkenes.
• Dehalogenimonas formicexedens - A species of bacteria known for its ability to dehalogenate and metabolize formic acid.
• Deinobacterium - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus, known for its resistance to extreme conditions.
• Deinococcus apachensis - A species of bacteria known for its extreme radiation resistance.
• Deinococcus indicus - A species of radiation-resistant bacteria isolated from Indian soil.
• Deinococcus murrayi - A species of radiation-resistant bacteria.
• Deinococcus saxicola - A species of bacteria known for its ability to colonize rock surfaces and resist radiation.
• Delphibacteria - A proposed class of bacteria, not widely recognized in current taxonomic schemes.
• Denitrifying bacteria - Bacteria that convert nitrates into nitrogen gas, playing a key role in the nitrogen cycle.
• Desulfacinum hydrothermale - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its sulfur-reducing capabilities.
• Desulfacinum infernum - A species of thermophilic, sulfur-reducing bacteria.
• Desulfacinum - A genus of bacteria known for their ability to reduce sulfur compounds.
• Desulfobacterales - An order of sulfate-reducing bacteria within the class Deltaproteobacteria.
• Desulfobotulus sapovorans - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria.
• Desulfohalobiaceae - A family of halophilic, sulfate-reducing bacteria.
• Desulfohalobium retbaense - A species of halophilic, sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from a salt lake.
• Desulfohalobium - A genus of halophilic, sulfate-reducing bacteria.
• Desulfomonile limimaris - A species of bacteria known for its ability to dehalogenate and reduce sulfate.
• Desulfomonile tiedjei - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria capable of dehalogenating organic compounds.
• Desulfomonile - A genus of bacteria known for their ability to dehalogenate organic compounds and reduce sulfate.
• Desulfonatronovibrio hydrogenovorans - A species of halophilic, sulfate-reducing bacteria capable of hydrogen oxidation.
• Desulfonatronovibrio thiodismutans - A species of bacteria known for its ability to dismutate sulfur compounds.
• Desulfonatronovibrio - A genus of halophilic, sulfate-reducing bacteria.
• Desulfonatronovibrionaceae - A family of halophilic, sulfate-reducing bacteria within the order Desulfovibrionales.
• Desulfonatronum thioautotrophicum - A species of halophilic, sulfur-reducing bacteria capable of autotrophic growth.
• Desulfonatronum thiodismutans - A species of bacteria known for its ability to dismutate sulfur compounds under halophilic conditions.
• Desulfonatronum thiosulfatophilum - A species of bacteria that preferentially metabolizes thiosulfate.
• Desulfonatronum - A genus of halophilic, sulfur-reducing bacteria.
• Desulfovibrio acrylicus - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria known for its ability to degrade acrylic acid.
• Desulfovibrio aerotolerans - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria with a tolerance to oxygen.
• Desulfovibrio aespoeensis - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from deep subsurface environments.
• Desulfovibrio alcoholivorans - A species of bacteria capable of fermenting alcohols under sulfate-reducing conditions.
• Desulfovibrio alkalitolerans - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria known for its tolerance to alkaline conditions.
• Desulfovibrio aminophilus - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria known for its ability to metabolize amino acids.
• Desulfovibrio arcticus - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from Arctic sediments.
• Desulfovibrio bastinii - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria known for its role in biocorrosion.
• Desulfovibrio biadhensis - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from a bioreactor.
• Desulfovibrio bizertensis - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from marine sediments.
• Desulfovibrio brasiliensis - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from Brazilian soils.
• Desulfovibrio burkinensis - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from a gold mine.
• Desulfovibrio butyratiphilus - A species of bacteria known for its ability to ferment butyrate under sulfate-reducing conditions.
• Desulfovibrio capillatus - A species of filamentous, sulfate-reducing bacteria.
• Desulfovibrio carbinolicus - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria capable of metabolizing carbon monoxide.
• Desulfovibrio dechloracetivorans - A species of bacteria known for its ability to dechlorinate and metabolize acetate.
• Desulfovibrio ferrireducens - A species of iron-reducing, sulfate-reducing bacteria.
• Desulfovibrio gabonensis - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from marine sediments.
• Desulfovibrio gracilis - A species of slender, sulfate-reducing bacteria.
• Desulfovibrio halophilus - A species of halophilic, sulfate-reducing bacteria.
• Desulfovibrio idahonensis - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from a hot spring.
• Desulfovibrio magneticus - A species of bacteria known for its magnetotactic capabilities.
• Desulfovibrio marinisediminis - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from marine sediments.
• Desulfovibrio marrakechensis - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from a wastewater treatment plant.
• Desulfovibrio oxyclinae - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria capable of oxidizing sulfide.
• Desulfovibrio paquesii - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria known for its role in industrial bioprocesses.
• Desulfovibrio piezophilus - A species of pressure-loving, sulfate-reducing bacteria.
• Desulfovibrio profundus - A species of deep-sea, sulfate-reducing bacteria.
• Desulfovibrio putealis - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from a well.
• Desulfovibrio sulfodismutans - A species of bacteria capable of disproportionating sulfite into sulfate and sulfide.
• Desulfovibrio - A genus of sulfate-reducing bacteria known for their role in the sulfur cycle and their involvement in biocorrosion.
• Desulfovibrionales - An order of sulfate-reducing bacteria within the class Deltaproteobacteria.
• Desulfovirgula - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Firmicutes, known for its sulfate-reducing capabilities.
• Desulfurobacteriaceae - A family of thermophilic, sulfur-reducing bacteria within the phylum Aquificae.
• Desulfurobacterium thermolithotrophum - A species of thermophilic, sulfur-reducing bacterium.
• Desulfuromonadales - An order of bacteria within the class Deltaproteobacteria, known for their ability to reduce sulfur compounds.
• Dethiosulfovibrio peptidovorans - A species of bacteria known for its ability to ferment peptides under sulfate-reducing conditions.
• Diamond v. Chakrabarty - A landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that established the legal precedent for patenting genetically modified organisms.
• Dienes phenomenon - A phenomenon observed in the interaction between certain strains of bacteria, leading to the formation of clear zones of inhibition.
• Diplococcus - A term used to describe a pair of spherical bacteria, often used in reference to certain pathogenic species.
• Dissimilatory metal-reducing microorganisms - Microorganisms, including some bacteria, that can reduce metal ions during their metabolic processes, often involved in bioremediation.
• Door handle bacteria - Bacteria commonly found on door handles, highlighting the importance of hygiene and disinfection in preventing the spread of pathogens.
• Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae - Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae that have developed resistance to one or more antibiotics, complicating treatment.

E

• Edaphobacter modestus - A species of bacteria found in soil, known for its modest metabolic capabilities.
• Eden growth model - A mathematical model used to simulate the growth of bacterial colonies, among other applications.
• Electric bacteria - Bacteria capable of generating or conducting electricity, playing a role in microbial fuel cells and other biotechnological applications.
• Electrotroph - Organisms, including some bacteria, that can use electrons from external sources as an energy source.
• Elusimicrobiota - A phylum of bacteria known for its elusive and poorly understood members, often found in aquatic environments.
• Elusimicrobium minutum - A species within the phylum Elusimicrobiota, known for its small size and minimalistic lifestyle.
• Enteractinococcus coprophilus - A species of bacteria associated with the gastrointestinal tract of animals.
• Entomoplasma freundtii - A species of bacteria associated with insects, particularly those in the order Diptera.
• Entomoplasma - A genus of bacteria known for its association with insects.
• Entomoplasmatales - An order of bacteria within the class Mollicutes, often associated with insects and other arthropods.
• Eobacteria - A term sometimes used to refer to ancient or primitive bacteria, not widely used in current scientific literature.
• Eobacterium - A hypothetical or archaic term for early forms of bacteria, not commonly used in modern taxonomy or phylogeny.
• Epiphytic bacteria - Bacteria that live on the surface of plants, often involved in the plant microbiome and plant health.
• Ereboglobus - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Eremobiotus - A term not directly related to bacteriology; possibly a misentry or related to tardigrades rather than bacteria.
• Escherichia coli - A species of bacteria that is commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals. While most strains are harmless, some can cause serious food poisoning and other illnesses.
• Escherichia - A genus of Gram-negative bacteria that includes species such as Escherichia coli, known for their role in the human gut microbiome as well as in various diseases.
• Eubacterium eligens - A species of bacteria within the genus Eubacterium, known for its presence in the human gut microbiome.
• Eurybacteria - An obsolete classification that was once used to describe a group of Gram-positive bacteria, now generally referred to within the Firmicutes phylum.
• Exiguobacterium - A genus of bacteria known for its wide range of habitats and resistance to extreme conditions.
• Exposing Microorganisms in the Stratosphere - A scientific experiment or series of experiments aimed at studying the survival and behavior of microorganisms exposed to the conditions of the stratosphere.
• Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis - A form of tuberculosis caused by strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that are resistant to almost all drugs used to treat TB.
• Extracellular polymeric substance - A complex mixture of polymers secreted by bacteria into their environment, playing a key role in biofilm formation and protection.
• Extreme environment - Environments that present extreme conditions for life, such as high or low temperatures, high salinity, high pressure, or acidic or alkaline pH, where extremophiles thrive.
• Extremophile - Organisms, including some bacteria, that thrive in physically or geochemically extreme conditions that are detrimental to most life on Earth.
• Extremophiles in biotechnology - The application of extremophiles, including bacteria, in biotechnological processes, leveraging their unique enzymes and metabolic pathways.
• Extremozyme - Enzymes produced by extremophiles that are stable and active under extreme conditions, useful in industrial and biotechnological applications.

F

• Fecal microbiota spores, live - Spores derived from the fecal microbiota of healthy donors, used in therapeutic applications to restore gut microbiome balance.
• Fenna–Matthews–Olson complex - A protein complex involved in the photosynthetic light harvesting in green sulfur bacteria, facilitating energy transfer to the reaction center.
• Fermentibacteria - A proposed phylum of bacteria known for their fermentative metabolism, not widely recognized in current taxonomic schemes.
• Ferrimonadaceae - A family of bacteria within the class Gammaproteobacteria, known for their iron metabolism.
• Fervidobacterium changbaicum - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its ability to degrade cellulose.
• Fervidobacterium gondwanense - A thermophilic bacterium isolated from hot springs, known for its cellulolytic capabilities.
• Fibrobacter succinogenes - A species of bacteria known for its role in the degradation of cellulose in the rumen of herbivores.
• Fibrolytic bacterium - Bacteria capable of breaking down fibrous plant material, such as cellulose and hemicellulose, important in the digestion of herbivores.
• Flagellum - A long, whip-like structure that protrudes from the cell body of certain bacteria, enabling them to move.
• Flaviflexus - A genus of bacteria known for its yellow, flexible rods.
• Flavodoxin - A protein that serves as an electron carrier in some bacterial and algal photosynthetic systems, playing a role in the electron transport chain.
• Flexilinea - A genus of filamentous bacteria within the phylum Chloroflexi, known for their flexible, line-like appearance.
• Fretibacterium - A genus of bacteria known for its association with periodontal diseases.
• Fucophilus - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Fudania jinshanensis - A species of bacteria isolated from marine environments, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Fusobacteriaceae - A family of anaerobic bacteria that includes genera such as Fusobacterium, known for their role in human infections.
• Fusobacteriota - A phylum of bacteria known for including species that are significant in human health and disease, including periodontal pathogens.
• Fusobacterium polymorphum - A species of bacteria within the genus Fusobacterium, associated with periodontal disease.
• Fusobacterium - A genus of anaerobic bacteria that are part of the human oral and gastrointestinal microbiomes and can cause various infections.

G

• Gas vesicle - A protein-bound structure found in certain bacteria and archaea that provides buoyancy, allowing cells to position themselves in the water column.
• Gelria (bacterium) - A genus of bacteria known for its gelatinous colonies, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Geminisphaera - A genus of bacteria known for its unique cell division process, resembling the division of eukaryotic cells.
• Gemmataceae - A family of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for their complex cell structures and division processes.
• Gemmatimonadota - A phylum of bacteria known for its diverse metabolic capabilities and presence in various environments.
• Gemmatimonas aurantiaca - A species of bacteria within the phylum Gemmatimonadota, known for its orange pigmentation.
• Gemmatimonas groenlandica - A species of bacteria isolated from Greenland, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Gemmatimonas phototrophica - A species of bacteria capable of photosynthesis, within the phylum Gemmatimonadota.
• Gemmatimonas - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Gemmatimonadota, known for its presence in soil and aquatic environments.
• Genetically modified bacteria - Bacteria that have been genetically engineered to possess new functions or properties, used in research, biotechnology, and medicine.
• Geobacter anodireducens - A species of bacteria known for its ability to transfer electrons to anodes, used in microbial fuel cells.
• Geobacter argillaceus - A species of bacteria known for its role in the bioremediation of contaminated environments.
• Geobacter bemidjiensis - A species of bacteria involved in the bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated sites.
• Geobacter bremensis - A species of bacteria known for its ability to reduce iron and other metals, isolated from a marine environment.
• Geobacter chapellei - A species of bacteria known for its role in the biogeochemical cycling of metals.
• Geobacter daltonii - A species of bacteria known for its metabolic flexibility in utilizing various electron acceptors.
• Geobacter lovleyi - A species of bacteria named after Dr. Derek Lovley, known for its role in the bioremediation of uranium-contaminated environments.
• Geobacter psychrophilus - A species of bacteria capable of iron reduction at low temperatures.
• Geobacter thiogenes - A species of bacteria known for its ability to reduce sulfur compounds.
• Geobacter toluenoxydans - A species of bacteria known for its ability to oxidize toluene under anaerobic conditions.
• Geobacteraceae - A family of bacteria within the class Deltaproteobacteria, known for their ability to reduce iron and other metals.
• Geobacterales - An order of bacteria within the class Deltaproteobacteria, known for including genera such as Geobacter.
• Gimenez stain - A staining technique used for the detection of certain intracellular bacteria, such as Rickettsia and Coxiella.
• Gimesia - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its presence in aquatic environments.
• Girvanella - A genus of filamentous cyanobacteria known for its role in the formation of stromatolites and other microbialites.
• Gleimia - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Gottschalkia acidurici - A species of bacteria known for its ability to ferment uric acid under anaerobic conditions.
• Gracilicutes - An obsolete taxonomic group that was once used to describe a broad grouping of Gram-negative bacteria.
• Green sulfur bacteria - A group of photosynthetic bacteria that utilize sulfide or hydrogen as electron donors in their photosynthetic process.
• Gunflintia - A genus of microfossils believed to represent ancient cyanobacteria, significant in the study of early life on Earth.

H

• HACEK organisms - A group of Gram-negative bacteria that are a common cause of endocarditis, including species such as Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella.
• Haemophilus influenzae - A species of bacteria that can cause various respiratory infections, including pneumonia, otitis media, and meningitis.
• Haliangium ochraceum - A species of myxobacteria known for its production of secondary metabolites with potential antibiotic properties.
• Haliangium tepidum - A species of myxobacteria isolated from warm environments, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Halobacterium - A genus of Archaea known for its extreme halophilic (salt-loving) characteristics, found in high-salt environments.
• Halomonas titanicae - A species of bacteria known for its ability to corrode steel, including that of the Titanic wreck.
• Haloplasma - A genus of bacteria within the class Halanaerobiae, known for its halophilic characteristics.
• Hathewaya histolytica - A species of bacteria within the genus Hathewaya, known for its potential to cause histolytic infections.
• Heliobacteria - A group of photosynthetic bacteria that use bacteriochlorophyll g for photosynthesis, distinct from other photosynthetic bacteria.
• Heliothrix oregonensis - A species of filamentous, photosynthetic bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Herminiimonas glaciei - A species of bacteria isolated from ancient glacial ice, known for its ability to survive in extreme cold.
• Herpetosiphon giganteus - A species of filamentous bacteria known for its predatory behavior towards other bacteria.
• Herpetosiphon - A genus of filamentous bacteria within the class Chloroflexi, known for its predatory lifestyle and complex life cycle.
• Herpetosiphonaceae - A family of filamentous bacteria within the order Herpetosiphonales, known for their predatory behavior and complex life cycles.
• Herpetosiphonales - An order of filamentous bacteria within the class Chloroflexi, characterized by their predatory lifestyle.
• Heteroresistance - The presence of a mixed bacterial population within a single strain, where some cells are resistant to antibiotics and others are susceptible, complicating treatment.
• Hopanoids - Sterol-like molecules found in the membranes of some bacteria, contributing to membrane stability and function.
• Human Microbiome Project - A research initiative aimed at characterizing the microbial communities found on and in the human body and understanding their role in human health and disease.
• Human interactions with microbes - The study of the complex relationships between humans and microorganisms, including beneficial, neutral, and harmful interactions.
• Human microbiome - The collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea, that reside on and within the human body, playing a crucial role in health and disease.
• Hybrid plasmid - A plasmid that has been genetically engineered to contain segments of DNA from different sources, used in molecular biology and genetic engineering.
• Hydrobacteria - An obsolete or non-standard term that may have been used to describe bacteria associated with water or aquatic environments.
• Hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria - Bacteria capable of degrading hydrocarbons, playing a key role in the bioremediation of oil spills and other hydrocarbon-contaminated environments.
• Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria - Bacteria that can use hydrogen gas as an electron donor in their energy metabolism, playing a role in the biogeochemical cycling of hydrogen.
• Hydrogenobacter - A genus of thermophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, found in hot springs and other thermal environments.
• Hydrogenothermaceae - A family of thermophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria within the phylum Aquificae, known for their role in hydrothermal vent ecosystems.
• Hypolith - Microbial communities that live underneath rocks in extreme environments, such as deserts, where they are protected from harsh conditions and utilize light for photosynthesis.

I

• Idiomarinaceae - A family of bacteria within the class Gammaproteobacteria, known for their presence in marine environments.
• Ignavibacteriales - An order of bacteria within the phylum Chlorobi, known for their distinctive metabolic and ecological characteristics.
• Ignicoccus - A genus of hyperthermophilic Archaea known for its unique cellular structure and symbiotic relationships with other microorganisms.
• Ilyobacter delafieldii - A species of bacteria known for its role in the fermentation of organic compounds under anaerobic conditions.
• Ilyobacter insuetus - A species of bacteria within the genus Ilyobacter, known for its anaerobic metabolism.
• Indicator organism - Microorganisms, including certain bacteria, used as indicators to assess the microbial quality of water, food, and other samples, often indicating the potential presence of pathogenic microorganisms.
• Intracellular bacteria - Bacteria that live within the cells of a host organism, including both symbiotic and pathogenic species.
• Isolation chip - A microfluidic device used to isolate and study individual bacterial cells or small populations of cells, enabling the analysis of single-cell behaviors and interactions.
• Isosphaeraceae - A family of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for their distinctive cellular structures and reproductive strategies.

J-L

• Jonquetella - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Synergistetes, known for its presence in the human oral microbiome and potential pathogenicity.
• Katanobacteria - A proposed phylum of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Kiritimatiellota - A phylum of bacteria known for its members' ability to degrade hydrocarbons, named after Christmas Island (Kiritimati) where some members were first identified.
• Klebsiella pneumoniae - A species of bacteria that can cause pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and other healthcare-associated infections, known for its antibiotic resistance.
• Kordiimonas gwangyangensis - A species of marine bacteria known for its ability to degrade hydrocarbons.
• Kryptonia - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• L-form bacteria - Bacteria that lack a cell wall, which can occur naturally or result from exposure to certain conditions, such as antibiotic treatment.
• Lac operon - A well-studied genetic system in bacteria that controls the metabolism of lactose, serving as a model for gene regulation.
• Lacipirellulaceae - A family of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its members' unique cellular structures and reproductive strategies.
• Lacticaseibacillus casei - A species of bacteria within the genus Lacticaseibacillus, known for its probiotic properties and presence in fermented foods.
• Lactivibrio - A proposed genus of lactic acid-producing bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Lactobacillus - A genus of Gram-positive bacteria known for its role in the fermentation of milk, production of lactic acid, and probiotic properties.
• Lacunisphaera parvula - A species of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, characterized by its small size and unique cellular features.
• Lacunisphaera - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its unique cellular morphology and ecological roles.
• Lawsonia intracellularis - A species of bacteria that causes proliferative enteropathy in pigs and other animals, characterized by its obligate intracellular lifestyle.
• Lentimonas - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Lentisphaera araneosa - A species of bacteria within the phylum Lentisphaerota, known for its unique cellular structures and ecological roles.
• Lentisphaerota - A phylum of bacteria known for its members' distinctive cellular structures and presence in various environments.
• Leptolinea tardivitalis - A species of bacteria within the phylum Chloroflexi, known for its filamentous structure and presence in thermal environments.
• Leptolinea - A genus of filamentous bacteria within the phylum Chloroflexi, known for its presence in thermal and other environments.
• Leptospirillum ferriphilum - A species of bacteria known for its role in the bioleaching of iron-containing ores.
• Leptotrichia goodfellowii - A species of bacteria within the genus Leptotrichia, associated with human oral and respiratory tract infections.
• Leptotrichia trevisanii - A species of bacteria within the genus Leptotrichia, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Levilinea saccharolytica - A species of bacteria known for its ability to ferment sugars, producing acid as a byproduct.
• Levilinea - A genus of bacteria known for its fermentative metabolism and presence in various environments.
• Limnodrilus sulphurensis - A species of bacteria isolated from sulfide-rich environments, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Limosilactobacillus reuteri - A species of bacteria within the genus Limosilactobacillus, known for its probiotic properties and presence in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals.
• Limosilactobacillus - A genus of lactic acid bacteria, known for its probiotic species and presence in fermented foods and the mammalian gastrointestinal tract.
• Lipophilic bacteria - Bacteria that have an affinity for lipids or fatty substances, often involved in the degradation of oils and fats.
• Living medicine - The use of living microorganisms, including genetically modified bacteria, as therapeutic agents to treat or prevent diseases.
• Longilinea - A genus of filamentous bacteria within the phylum Chloroflexi, known for its long, thread-like cells.
• Lucifera butyrica - A proposed species of bioluminescent bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Luminescent bacteria - Bacteria capable of producing light through bioluminescence, found in marine environments and other habitats.
• Luria–Delbrück experiment - A classic experiment conducted by Salvador Luria and Max Delbrück that demonstrated that bacterial mutations occur in the absence of selection, rather than being a response to selective pressure.
• Lutibacterium - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.

M-N

• Magnetotactic bacteria - Bacteria that orient themselves along magnetic field lines using intracellular structures known as magnetosomes, which contain magnetic iron minerals.
• Mal regulon - A set of genes in bacteria that are involved in the metabolism of maltose and maltodextrins, regulated as a single unit.
• Marinimicrobia - A candidate phylum of bacteria known for its members' presence in marine environments and their role in carbon and sulfur cycling.
• Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus - A species of bacteria known for its ability to degrade hydrocarbons, playing a role in the bioremediation of oil spills.
• Marinobacter - A genus of bacteria known for its presence in marine environments and its ability to degrade hydrocarbons.
• Marpolia - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Meiothermus - A genus of thermophilic bacteria known for its presence in hot springs and other thermal environments.
• Merodiploid - A bacterial cell that contains two copies of a particular gene or genetic element, one on the chromosome and one on a plasmid or another chromosome, allowing for genetic studies and manipulations.
• Mesoplasma - A genus of bacteria within the class Mollicutes, known for its association with insects and plants.
• Metallogenium - A proposed genus of bacteria involved in the biogeochemical cycling of metals, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Methanothermus - A genus of hyperthermophilic methanogenic Archaea known for its ability to produce methane under extreme temperatures.
• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - A strain of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that is resistant to the antibiotic methicillin, posing significant challenges in healthcare settings.
• Methylomirabilaceae - A proposed family of methanogenic Archaea, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Microbial corrosion - The degradation of metals and other materials by the direct or indirect action of microorganisms, including bacteria.
• Microbial ecology - The study of the interactions among microorganisms and between microorganisms and their environment.
• Microbial inoculant - A preparation of live microorganisms, including bacteria, applied to seeds, soil, or plants to enhance growth, nutrient uptake, or disease resistance.
• Microbiome in the Drosophila gut - The community of microorganisms, including bacteria, that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of the fruit fly Drosophila, influencing its health and development.
• Microbiota - The community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, that inhabit a particular environment or host.
• Microcin - A type of bacteriocin produced by certain bacteria that can kill or inhibit the growth of closely related bacterial strains.
• Microgenomates - A candidate phylum of bacteria known for its small genomes and minimalistic lifestyle, often found in environmental samples.
• Microscopic discovery of bacteria - The historical achievement of observing bacteria under the microscope, attributed to Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in the 17th century, marking the beginning of microbiology.
• Minimal infective dose - The smallest number of bacteria or other microorganisms that can cause infection in a host.
• Monothalamea - A proposed class of single-chambered foraminifera, not directly related to bacteriology but relevant in studies of microbial ecology and evolution.
• Moonmilk - A soft, white, creamy deposit found in caves, formed by the action of bacteria and other microorganisms on minerals.
• Moorella (bacterium) - A genus of thermophilic bacteria known for its ability to reduce carbon dioxide to acetate, playing a role in the carbon cycle.
• Moorella glycerini - A species of thermophilic bacteria capable of fermenting glycerol.
• Moorella humiferrea - A species of thermophilic bacteria isolated from humus-rich soil, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Moorella mulderi - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its ability to reduce carbon dioxide to acetate.
• Moorella perchloratireducens - A species of thermophilic bacteria capable of reducing perchlorate.
• Moorella stamsii - A species of thermophilic bacteria named after Professor Alfons J.M. Stams, known for its metabolic versatility.
• Moorella thermoacetica - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its ability to produce acetate from carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
• Moorella thermoautotrophica - A species of thermophilic bacteria capable of autotrophic growth under thermal conditions.
• Morania - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Morganella morganii - A species of bacteria known for causing opportunistic infections in humans, including urinary tract infections and wound infections.
• Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria - Bacteria that have developed resistance to multiple antibiotics, often Gram-negative species, posing significant challenges in healthcare.
• Multidrug-resistant bacteria - Bacteria that have developed resistance to multiple antibiotics, complicating the treatment of infections they cause.
• Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis - A form of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, the two most powerful anti-TB drugs.
• Multiple drug resistance - The ability of bacteria and other microorganisms to resist the effects of multiple antibiotics or antimicrobial agents, often due to genetic mutations or the acquisition of resistance genes.
• Muribaculaceae - A family of bacteria within the phylum Bacteroidetes, known for its presence in the mammalian gut microbiome.
• Mycobacterium lepromatosis - A species of bacteria that causes leprosy, closely related to Mycobacterium leprae.
• Mycoplasma haemocanis - A species of bacteria known for causing hemolytic anemia in dogs.
• Mycoplasma haemomuris - A species of bacteria known for infecting the blood of rodents, causing hemolytic anemia.
• Mycoplasma meleagridis - A species of bacteria known for causing respiratory disease in turkeys.
• Mycorrhiza helper bacteria - Bacteria that associate with mycorrhizal fungi, enhancing the establishment and function of the mycorrhizal symbiosis with plant roots.
• Myxococcaceae - A family of bacteria within the order Myxococcales, known for their complex life cycle and social behavior.
• Natural competence - The ability of some bacteria to naturally take up extracellular DNA from their environment, a key mechanism in horizontal gene transfer.
• Nautilia - A genus of thermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic bacteria found in deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
• Necrobiome - The community of microorganisms, including bacteria, that are involved in the decomposition of dead organic matter.
• Neisseria meningitidis - A species of bacteria that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease, particularly in young adults and children.
• Nematode - A phylum of worms, not directly related to bacteriology, but some species are associated with or affected by bacteria, including as hosts for symbiotic or pathogenic bacteria.
• Neochlamydia hartmannellae - A species of bacteria within the order Chlamydiales, known for its association with amoebae.
• Nibricoccus - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Nitrate reductase test - A laboratory test used to determine the ability of bacteria to reduce nitrate to nitrite, important in the identification of bacterial species.
• Nitrospinota - A proposed phylum of bacteria known for its members' involvement in the nitrogen cycle, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Nitrospirota - A phylum of bacteria known for its members' role in the nitrogen cycle, particularly in nitrification.
• Nomurabacteria - A proposed phylum of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Non-motile bacteria - Bacteria that lack the ability to move independently, often due to the absence of structures such as flagella.
• Novosphingobium pentaromativorans - A species of bacteria known for its ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
• Novosphingobium - A genus of bacteria known for its diverse metabolic capabilities, including the degradation of aromatic compounds.

O-P

• Oleidesulfovibrio alaskensis - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from Alaskan sediments, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Oleiharenicola alkalitolerans - A species of bacteria known for its tolerance to alkaline conditions, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Oleiharenicola lentus - A species of slow-growing bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Oleiharenicola - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Oligoflexia - A class of bacteria known for its members' flexibility and presence in various environments, including aquatic and soil habitats.
• Opitutaceae - A family of bacteria within the phylum Verrucomicrobia, known for its presence in soil and aquatic environments.
• Opitutales - An order of bacteria within the phylum Verrucomicrobia, characterized by their presence in various environments and their diverse metabolic capabilities.
• Opitutus terrae - A species of bacteria within the phylum Verrucomicrobia, known for its presence in soil environments.
• Opitutus - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Verrucomicrobia, known for its presence in soil and aquatic environments.
• Order (biology) - A rank in the biological classification system, above family and below class, used to group organisms that share common characteristics.
• Ornatilinea - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Chloroflexi, known for its filamentous structure and presence in thermal and other environments.
• Oxalotrophic - Bacteria capable of metabolizing oxalate, a dicarboxylic acid, as a source of carbon and energy.
• Ozarkcollenia - A proposed genus of ancient cyanobacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Paludisphaera - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its presence in wetland environments.
• ParABS system - A bacterial chromosome segregation system involving the ParA ATPase, ParB DNA-binding protein, and specific DNA sequences called parS sites, crucial for accurate chromosome partitioning during cell division.
• ParMRC system - A plasmid segregation mechanism in bacteria, involving the ParM actin-like protein, ParR DNA-binding protein, and specific DNA sequences on the plasmid, ensuring equal plasmid distribution to daughter cells during cell division.
• Parachlamydia - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Chlamydiae, known for its association with amoebae and potential as an emerging human pathogen.
• Parachlamydiaceae - A family of bacteria within the phylum Chlamydiae, including genera such as Parachlamydia, associated with amoebae and implicated in human respiratory infections.
• Parvibacter - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Parvimonas micra - A species of bacteria known for its association with dental and periodontal infections.
• Pauljensenia hongkongensis - A species of bacteria isolated from Hong Kong, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• PelB leader sequence - A signal sequence used in molecular biology to direct the secretion of recombinant proteins to the periplasmic space in bacteria.
• Pelagicoccus mobilis - A species of bacteria known for its mobility and presence in marine environments.
• Pelagicoccus - A genus of bacteria within the class Alphaproteobacteria, known for its presence in marine environments.
• Pelolinea - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Chloroflexi, known for its filamentous structure and presence in aquatic environments.
• Peptidiphaga gingivicola - A species of bacteria associated with periodontal disease, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Peptostreptococcus - A genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria known for its role in various human infections, including dental and soft tissue infections.
• Persephonella guaymasensis - A species of thermophilic bacteria isolated from hydrothermal vent environments.
• Persister cells - Bacterial cells that enter a dormant state, allowing them to survive antibiotic treatment and other stress conditions, contributing to chronic and recurrent infections.
• Peucemycin - A compound produced by certain bacteria, showing antibiotic activity against a range of bacterial pathogens.
• Phase variation - A mechanism in bacteria that leads to the reversible, heritable change in expression of certain genes, often involved in virulence and adaptation to environmental changes.
• Phasevarion - A regulatory system in bacteria that controls phase variation of multiple genes through the activity of a DNA methyltransferase, affecting virulence and host interaction.
• Pho regulon - A set of genes in bacteria regulated by the availability of inorganic phosphate, involved in phosphate uptake and conservation.
• Phocaeicola plebeius - A species of bacteria within the genus Phocaeicola, known for its presence in the human gut microbiome.
• Phorcysia - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Phototrophic biofilm - A biofilm formed by photosynthetic microorganisms, including certain bacteria, on surfaces exposed to light, capable of producing energy through photosynthesis.
• Phycisphaeraceae - A family of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its unique cellular structures and reproductive strategies.
• Phycisphaerae - A class within the phylum Planctomycetes, characterized by bacteria with unique cell division processes and reproductive strategies.
• Piezophile - An organism, including some bacteria, that thrives under high pressure conditions, often found in deep-sea environments.
• Pirellulaceae - A family of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its members' unique cellular structures and reproductive strategies.
• Pirellulales - An order of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, characterized by bacteria with complex cell structures and division processes.
• Planctomicrobium - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its presence in aquatic environments.
• Planctomycetaceae - A family of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its unique cellular structures and reproduction mechanisms.
• Planctomycetia - A class within the phylum Planctomycetes, characterized by bacteria with complex cellular organization and unique reproductive strategies.
• Planctopirus hydrillae - A species of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its association with aquatic plants.
• Planctopirus - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its presence in aquatic environments.
• Planomicrobium - A genus of bacteria known for its presence in various environments, including soil and water.
• Plasmid copy number - The number of copies of a particular plasmid present within a bacterial cell, which can vary depending on the plasmid type and the growth conditions of the bacterium.
• Plasmid partition system - A mechanism by which plasmids are evenly distributed to daughter cells during bacterial cell division, ensuring the maintenance of plasmids within the bacterial population.
• Plasmid-mediated resistance - The acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes by bacteria through the uptake and incorporation of plasmids that carry resistance genes.
• Plesiocystis - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Polarisedimenticola svalbardensis - A species of bacteria isolated from Arctic sediments, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Polysaccharide A - A specific polysaccharide produced by certain bacteria, known for its immunomodulatory effects and potential therapeutic applications.
• Poribacteria - A candidate phylum of bacteria known for its association with marine sponges, playing a role in the sponge microbiome.
• Prevotella bivia - A species of bacteria within the genus Prevotella, associated with the human vaginal and gastrointestinal microbiomes, and implicated in certain infections.
• Prevotella - A genus of Gram-negative bacteria known for its presence in the human oral, gastrointestinal, and vaginal microbiomes, with species implicated in various infections.
• Prophage - A bacteriophage genome integrated into the bacterial chromosome or existing as a plasmid within the bacterial cell, capable of being activated to produce new phage particles.
• Propionigenium - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Prosthecate bacteria - Bacteria that possess appendages called prosthecae, which are used for attachment to surfaces or for nutrient uptake.
• Prosthecobacter algae - A proposed species of bacteria known for its association with algae, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Prosthecobacter fluviatilis - A species of bacteria known for its presence in freshwater environments and for possessing prosthecae.
• Psammophile - An organism, including some bacteria, that thrives in sandy environments, often involved in the decomposition of organic matter or in nutrient cycling.
• Pseudescherichia - A proposed genus of bacteria, closely related to Escherichia, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Pseudomonas Genome Database - An online database that provides genomic and genetic information about species of the genus Pseudomonas, supporting research on this diverse group of bacteria.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa - A species of bacteria known for its resistance to antibiotics and its role in hospital-acquired infections, capable of infecting various parts of the body.
• Pullulanase - An enzyme produced by certain bacteria that breaks down pullulan, a polysaccharide, into maltotriose units.
• Purple bacteria - A group of photosynthetic bacteria that use bacteriochlorophyll a or b for photosynthesis, including both sulfur and non-sulfur varieties, known for their diverse metabolic capabilities.
• Putrefying bacteria - Bacteria involved in the decomposition of organic matter, leading to the production of foul-smelling compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia.
• Pyramidobacter - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.

R

• R1 plasmid - A specific plasmid known for its role in antibiotic resistance, often studied as a model for plasmid biology and gene transfer.
• RK2 plasmid - A broad-host-range plasmid used as a vector in genetic engineering and biotechnology, known for its ability to replicate in a wide variety of bacterial species.
• Radiotrophic fungus - A type of fungus, not a bacterium, that can utilize radiation as an energy source, notable for its presence in environments with high levels of radiation.
• Rariglobus - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Relaxosome - A complex of proteins and DNA involved in the transfer of DNA during bacterial conjugation, crucial for the initiation and regulation of the transfer process.
• Reports of Streptococcus mitis on the Moon - Refers to the accidental contamination of the Moon with Streptococcus mitis bacteria during the Apollo missions, demonstrating the hardiness of some bacterial species.
• Rhizobacteria - Bacteria that live in close association with plant roots, often promoting plant growth or protecting plants from pathogens.
• Rhizorhabdus - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Rhodobacter capsulatus - A species of purple non-sulfur bacteria known for its versatility in metabolic pathways, including photosynthesis under anaerobic conditions.
• Rhodobacter sphaeroides - A species of purple non-sulfur bacteria capable of photosynthesis and other metabolic processes, widely studied for its bioenergetic systems.
• Rhodoferax - A genus of bacteria within the class Betaproteobacteria, known for its diverse metabolic capabilities, including the degradation of pollutants.
• Rhodopirellula bahusiensis - A species of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its presence in marine environments.
• Rhodopirellula baltica - A model species of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its complex cellular structure and diverse metabolic capabilities.
• Rhodopirellula caenicola - A species of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, isolated from marine sediments.
• Rhodopirellula lusitana - A species of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, isolated from a marine sponge.
• Rhodopirellula rosea - A species of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its pink coloration and presence in marine environments.
• Rhodopirellula - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its complex cellular morphology and presence in marine and freshwater environments.
• Rhodospirillum rubrum - A species of purple non-sulfur bacteria known for its ability to perform photosynthesis under anaerobic conditions.
• Rhodothermaceae - A family of bacteria within the phylum Bacteroidetes, known for its members' thermophilic and halophilic characteristics.
• Rhodothermales - An order of bacteria within the phylum Bacteroidetes, characterized by its members' adaptation to hot and salty environments.
• Rhodothermus marinus - A species of thermophilic, halophilic bacteria within the family Rhodothermaceae, known for its ability to degrade complex polysaccharides.
• Rhodothermus - A genus of bacteria within the family Rhodothermaceae, known for its thermophilic and halophilic characteristics.
• Ri plasmid - A type of plasmid used in the genetic engineering of plants, similar to the Ti plasmid but associated with hairy root disease.
• Roseburia - A genus of bacteria within the family Lachnospiraceae, known for its presence in the human gut microbiome and its role in butyrate production.
• Roseimaritima - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Rubinisphaera - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Rubripirellula - A proposed genus of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Ruminococcus - A genus of bacteria within the family Lachnospiraceae, known for its presence in the rumen of herbivores and the human gut microbiome, involved in the digestion of complex carbohydrates.

S

• Saccharibacteria - A candidate phylum of bacteria, formerly known as TM7, known for its small size and association with the human oral microbiome.
• Salmonella Typhi - A species of bacteria that causes typhoid fever, a serious and potentially fatal disease transmitted through contaminated food and water.
• Saprotrophic bacteria - Bacteria that decompose dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.
• Scalindua brodae - A species of anammox bacteria involved in the nitrogen cycle, converting ammonium and nitrite into dinitrogen gas.
• Scandinavium goeteborgense - A proposed species of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Scardovia wiggsiae - A species of bacteria associated with childhood caries and other oral health issues.
• Schlesneria - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its unique cellular morphology and presence in aquatic environments.
• Scotochromogenic - Describes bacteria that produce pigments in the dark but enhance pigment production when exposed to light, often used in reference to certain mycobacteria.
• Secondary chromosome - An additional chromosome found in some bacteria, distinct from the main chromosome, often carrying genes beneficial for adaptation and survival.
• Section (biology) - A rank in the biological classification system, used in some contexts to divide genera into smaller groups based on specific characteristics.
• Sedimentisphaeraceae - A family of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its members' unique cellular structures and ecological roles.
• Sedimentisphaerales - An order of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, characterized by bacteria with complex cellular organization and unique reproductive strategies.
• Segmented filamentous bacteria - A group of bacteria characterized by their segmented, filamentous morphology, known for their role in the gut microbiome and in stimulating the immune system.
• Sentinel outlet - A term not directly related to bacteriology; possibly refers to monitoring points used in environmental studies to detect contamination or changes in microbial communities.
• Siderophilic bacteria - Bacteria that have an affinity for iron, often involved in the biogeochemical cycling of iron.
• Silvanigrella aquatica - A species of bacteria known for its presence in aquatic environments, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Silvanigrella - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Silvanigrellaceae - A proposed family of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Silvanigrellales - A proposed order of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Simkania - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Chlamydiae, known for its association with respiratory infections.
• Singulisphaera acidiphila - A species of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its acidophilic characteristics.
• Singulisphaera mucilagenosa - A species of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, characterized by its production of mucilage.
• Singulisphaera rosea - A species of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its pink coloration.
• Singulisphaera - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its unique cellular morphology and ecological roles.
• Slime layer - A loose, unorganized layer of extracellular polymeric substances surrounding some bacteria, providing protection and facilitating attachment to surfaces.
• Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth - A condition in which excessive numbers of bacteria grow in the small intestine, leading to symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and malabsorption.
• Smithella propionica - A species of bacteria known for its role in the degradation of propionic acid, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Sneathia amnii - A species of bacteria associated with reproductive and urinary tract infections.
• Sneathia sanguinegens - A species of bacteria known for its presence in the human reproductive tract and its association with bacterial vaginosis.
• Sneathia - A genus of bacteria known for its association with the human reproductive tract and potential pathogenicity.
• Solobacterium moorei - A species of bacteria associated with halitosis (bad breath) and other oral health issues.
• Somatic antigen - An antigen present on the surface of bacteria, used in serotyping to differentiate bacterial strains based on their surface characteristics.
• Species - The basic unit of biological classification, defined as a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring under natural conditions.
• Sphaerobacter - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Chloroflexi, known for its presence in wastewater treatment plants and other environments.
• Sphaerocodium - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Spheroplast - A bacterial cell from which the cell wall has been partially removed, rendering it spherical and osmotically sensitive.
• Sphingobacteria (phylum) - An obsolete term that was once used to describe a group of bacteria, now generally referred to within the Bacteroidetes phylum.
• Sphingomonas - A genus of bacteria known for its diverse metabolic capabilities, including the degradation of aromatic compounds and participation in the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients.
• Spiral bacteria - Bacteria that have a spiral or helical shape, such as those in the genera Spirillum and Helicobacter.
• Spiroplasma citri - A species of bacteria known for causing citrus stubborn disease, a plant disease affecting citrus trees.
• Spiroplasma mirum - A species of bacteria within the genus Spiroplasma, associated with various plant and animal diseases.
• Spirulina (dietary supplement) - A cyanobacterium (blue-green algae) used as a dietary supplement for its nutritional content, not to be confused with true bacteria.
• SrnB-SrnC toxin-antitoxin system - A type of bacterial toxin-antitoxin system involving the SrnB toxin and SrnC antitoxin, regulating cell growth and survival under stress conditions.
• Stigmatella (bacterium) - A genus of myxobacteria known for its complex life cycle, social behavior, and production of secondary metabolites.
• Streptococcus agalactiae - A species of bacteria that is a common cause of neonatal infections and can also cause infections in adults, particularly in those with compromised immune systems.
• Streptococcus pneumoniae - A species of bacteria that can cause pneumonia, meningitis, and other infections, particularly in children and the elderly.
• Streptococcus - A genus of Gram-positive bacteria known for including species that cause various human diseases, such as strep throat, pneumonia, and meningitis.
• Streptomyces sp. myrophorea - A species of bacteria within the genus Streptomyces, known for its production of antibiotics and other bioactive compounds.
• Stygiella - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Subgenus - A rank in the biological classification system, used to further divide a genus into groups based on more specific characteristics.
• Sulfate-reducing microorganism - Microorganisms, including certain bacteria and archaea, that can reduce sulfate to sulfide as part of their metabolic process, playing a key role in the sulfur cycle.
• Sulfobacillus - A genus of acidophilic, thermophilic bacteria known for its role in the bioleaching of metals from ores.
• Sulfur-reducing bacteria - Bacteria that can reduce elemental sulfur to hydrogen sulfide, playing a role in the biogeochemical cycling of sulfur.
• Synergistes jonesii - A species of bacteria known for its presence in the rumen of cattle and its role in the degradation of toxic compounds.
• Syntrophaceticus schinkii - A species of bacteria known for its ability to degrade acetate in syntrophic association with methanogens.
• Syntrophales - An order of bacteria known for their ability to degrade organic compounds in syntrophic association with methanogenic archaea.
• Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans - A species of bacteria known for its ability to oxidize propionate in syntrophic association with methanogens.
• Syntrophobacter pfennigii - A species of bacteria within the genus Syntrophobacter, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Syntrophobacter sulfatireducens - A species of sulfate-reducing bacteria known for its ability to degrade fatty acids in syntrophic association with other microorganisms.
• Syntrophobacter wolinii - A species of bacteria known for its role in the degradation of propionate in syntrophic association with methanogens.
• Syntrophobacter - A genus of bacteria known for its members' ability to degrade organic compounds in syntrophic associations with methanogens, playing a role in the carbon cycle.
• Syntrophobacteraceae - A family of bacteria within the order Syntrophobacterales, known for their role in the degradation of organic compounds in syntrophic associations.
• Syntrophobacterales - An order of bacteria known for their ability to degrade fatty acids and other compounds in syntrophic associations with methanogens.
• Syntrophus aciditrophicus - A species of bacteria known for its ability to degrade fatty acids and other organic compounds in syntrophic association with methanogens.
• Syntrophus buswellii - A species of bacteria within the genus Syntrophus, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Syntrophus - A genus of bacteria known for its ability to degrade organic compounds in syntrophic association with methanogens, contributing to the carbon cycle in anaerobic environments.

T

• Telmatocola - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Tepidanaerobacter acetatoxydans - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its ability to oxidize acetate.
• Tepidanaerobacter syntrophicus - A species of bacteria known for its ability to degrade fatty acids in syntrophic association with methanogens.
• Tepidanaerobacter - A genus of thermophilic bacteria known for its ability to degrade organic compounds under anaerobic conditions.
• Tepidanaerobacteraceae - A family of thermophilic bacteria within the order Thermoanaerobacterales, known for their ability to degrade organic compounds.
• Tepidisphaera - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, known for its presence in thermal environments.
• Tepidisphaeraceae - A family of bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes, characterized by its members' presence in thermal environments and unique cellular features.
• Terrabacteria - A proposed group of bacteria that includes the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, and others, characterized by their terrestrial adaptations.
• Terrimicrobium - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Tersicoccus phoenicis - A species of bacteria known for its isolation from spacecraft assembly facilities, highlighting concerns about planetary protection and contamination.
• Thermaceae - A family of thermophilic bacteria within the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus, known for their ability to thrive in hot environments.
• Thermacetogenium phaeum - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its ability to produce acetate from carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
• Thermanaeromonas burensis - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its presence in thermal environments, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Thermanaeromonas toyohensis - A species of thermophilic bacteria capable of degrading organic compounds under high temperatures.
• Thermanaeromonas - A genus of thermophilic bacteria known for its ability to degrade organic compounds in thermal environments.
• Thermanaerothrix - A proposed genus of thermophilic bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Thermanaerovibrio acidaminovorans - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its ability to ferment amino acids.
• Thermanaerovibrio velox - A species of thermophilic bacteria capable of rapid growth and amino acid fermentation.
• Thermanaerovibrio - A genus of thermophilic bacteria known for its ability to degrade amino acids and other organic compounds under anaerobic conditions.
• Thermoanaerobacter acetoethylicus - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its ability to produce ethanol and acetate from sugars.
• Thermoanaerobacter brockii - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its role in the fermentation of sugars to produce ethanol and other products.
• Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus - A species of thermophilic bacteria capable of producing ethanol from sugars under high temperatures.
• Thermoanaerobacter italicus - A species of thermophilic bacteria isolated from Italian hot springs, known for its fermentative metabolism.
• Thermoanaerobacter kivui - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its ability to produce hydrogen and ethanol from sugars.
• Thermoanaerobacter mathranii - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its ability to ferment a wide range of sugars under anaerobic conditions.
• Thermoanaerobacter pseudethanolicus - A species of thermophilic bacteria capable of producing ethanol and other fermentation products from sugars.
• Thermoanaerobacter siderophilus - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its ability to reduce iron and other metals.
• Thermoanaerobacter thermocopriae - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its ability to degrade complex carbohydrates and produce ethanol.
• Thermoanaerobacter - A genus of thermophilic bacteria known for their ability to ferment sugars and produce ethanol under anaerobic conditions.
• Thermoanaerobacterales Family IV - A proposed family within the order Thermoanaerobacterales, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Thermoanaerobacterales - An order of thermophilic bacteria known for their ability to ferment a wide range of substrates, producing ethanol, hydrogen, and other products.
• Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its ability to ferment sugars and produce hydrogen.
• Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum - A species of thermophilic bacteria capable of fermenting sugars to produce ethanol and other products.
• Thermoanaerobaculum aquaticum - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its presence in hot aquatic environments, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Thermocrinis albus - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its presence in hot springs and other thermal environments.
• Thermocrinis minervae - A species of thermophilic bacteria isolated from a Roman thermal bath, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Thermocrinis ruber - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its red pigmentation and presence in hot springs.
• Thermodesulfobacterium commune - A species of thermophilic, sulfate-reducing bacteria known for its presence in hot environments.
• Thermodesulfobacterium hydrogeniphilum - A species of thermophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing bacteria.
• Thermodesulfobium acidiphilum - A species of acidophilic, thermophilic, sulfate-reducing bacteria.
• Thermodesulfobium narugense - A species of thermophilic, sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from a hot spring.
• Thermodesulfobium - A genus of thermophilic, sulfate-reducing bacteria known for their ability to thrive in hot environments.
• Thermodesulforhabdus norvegica - A species of thermophilic, sulfate-reducing bacteria known for its presence in North Sea oil fields.
• Thermodesulforhabdus - A genus of thermophilic, sulfate-reducing bacteria known for their role in the sulfur cycle in thermal environments.
• Thermoduric bacterium - Bacteria that can survive high temperatures that would normally kill most microorganisms, often involved in food spoilage.
• Thermogutta terrifontis - A species of thermophilic bacteria isolated from hot springs, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Thermogutta - A proposed genus of thermophilic bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Thermoguttaceae - A proposed family of thermophilic bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Thermomarinilinea - A genus of thermophilic bacteria known for its presence in marine thermal environments.
• Thermomicrobia - A class of bacteria within the phylum Chloroflexi, known for its thermophilic members and their role in thermal environments.
• Thermomicrobiota - A proposed phylum of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes, known for its thermophilic members.
• Thermosediminibacteraceae - A proposed family of thermophilic bacteria within the order Thermosediminibacterales, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Thermosediminibacterales - An order of thermophilic bacteria known for their presence in hot sedimentary environments.
• Thermosipho - A genus of thermophilic bacteria known for its presence in hydrothermal vent environments and its ability to ferment a variety of substrates.
• Thermostability - The ability of a molecule, such as an enzyme or protein produced by bacteria, to remain stable and functional at high temperatures.
• Thermostilla - A proposed genus of thermophilic bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Thermotoga hypogea - A species of hyperthermophilic bacteria known for its presence in hot subsurface environments.
• Thermotoga lettingae - A species of hyperthermophilic bacteria known for its ability to produce hydrogen from organic substrates.
• Thermotoga subterranea - A species of hyperthermophilic bacteria isolated from a deep subsurface oil reservoir.
• Thermotomaculum hydrothermale - A proposed species of thermophilic bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Thermovirga - A genus of thermophilic bacteria known for its presence in hot environments and its ability to degrade complex organic compounds.
• Thermus antranikianii - A species of thermophilic bacteria named after Professor Garabed Antranikian, known for its ability to degrade starch at high temperatures.
• Thermus igniterrae - A species of thermophilic bacteria known for its presence in hot terrestrial environments.
• Thiolava - A proposed genus of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Thioreductor - A proposed genus of sulfur-reducing bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Thomasclavelia ramosa - A proposed species of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Ti plasmid - A plasmid found in Agrobacterium species that is used in genetic engineering to transfer genes into plant cells, leading to the formation of crown gall disease.
• Totally drug-resistant tuberculosis - A form of tuberculosis for which no current medical treatments are effective, posing significant challenges for public health.
• Toxin-antitoxin database - An online resource that provides information about bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems, including their genetic sequences, structures, and functions.
• Toxin-antitoxin system - A set of linked genes found in bacteria and some archaea that encode both a toxin and its corresponding antitoxin, involved in plasmid maintenance, stress response, and bacterial persistence.
• Tribe (biology) - A rank in the biological classification system, used in some contexts to divide families into smaller groups based on specific characteristics.
• Tumor-homing bacteria - Bacteria that have been engineered or selected for their ability to specifically target and colonize tumors, used in experimental cancer therapy.
• Twitching motility - A type of bacterial movement that occurs on surfaces, mediated by the extension and retraction of type IV pili.
• Type strain - The strain of a bacterial species that is used as the reference strain for that species, serving as the standard for its identification and classification.

U-Z

• Ultramicrobacteria - Bacteria with very small cell sizes, often less than 0.1 micrometers in diameter, capable of surviving under nutrient-limited conditions.
• Ureaplasma canigenitalium - A proposed species of bacteria within the genus Ureaplasma, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Ureaplasma cati - A species of bacteria within the genus Ureaplasma, known for its association with feline urogenital tract infections.
• Ureaplasma diversum - A species of bacteria within the genus Ureaplasma, associated with reproductive and respiratory tract infections in cattle.
• Ureaplasma felinum - A species of bacteria within the genus Ureaplasma, associated with feline urogenital tract infections.
• Ureaplasma gallorale - A proposed species of bacteria within the genus Ureaplasma, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Ureaplasma loridis - A proposed species of bacteria within the genus Ureaplasma, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Ureaplasma - A genus of bacteria known for its association with urogenital tract infections in humans and animals, characterized by its lack of a cell wall.
• Uterine microbiome - The community of microorganisms, including bacteria, that inhabit the uterine environment, influencing reproductive health and outcomes.
• Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus - A species of bacteria known for its predatory behavior towards the green alga Chlorella, impacting algal cultures and ecosystems.
• Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus - Enterococcus species that have developed resistance to vancomycin, an antibiotic used to treat serious infections, posing significant healthcare challenges.
• Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - Staphylococcus aureus strains that have developed resistance to vancomycin, complicating the treatment of infections caused by these bacteria.
• Veillonellaceae - A family of anaerobic bacteria within the order Selenomonadales, known for its presence in the human oral and gastrointestinal microbiomes.
• Viable but nonculturable - A state in which bacteria are alive but cannot be cultured using standard laboratory techniques, often occurring in response to environmental stress.
• Victivallis vadensis - A species of bacteria within the phylum Lentisphaerae, known for its presence in the human gut microbiome.
• Vulgatibacter - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Waddlia - A genus of bacteria within the phylum Chlamydiae, known for its association with reproductive disorders in animals and potential implications for human health.
• White pox disease - A coral disease caused by the bacterium Serratia marcescens, leading to tissue loss and reef degradation.
• Wirthbacteria - A proposed phylum of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani - A pathovar of the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris known for causing leaf spot disease in radishes and other cruciferous plants.
• Xenophyophorea - A group of giant, single-celled organisms found on the deep-sea floor, not bacteria but often associated with diverse microbial communities.
• Xenosome - A structure found within certain ciliates that is derived from endosymbiotic bacteria, contributing to the host's metabolism.
• Xerophile - An organism, including some bacteria, that thrives in dry or desiccated environments, often involved in the spoilage of dry foods.
• Yeosuana - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Zavarzinella - A proposed genus of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes.
• Zixibacteria - A candidate phylum of bacteria, not widely recognized or validated in current taxonomic schemes, known for its presence in environmental samples.
• Zobellia galactanivorans - A species of bacteria known for its ability to degrade galactans, polysaccharides found in red algae.

Glossaries, dictionaries, and lists in WikiMD

Popular Glossaries	Dictionaries	Lists & Glossaries	Topics
Medicine Drugs Vaccines Biology Bacteriology Psychiatry Diabetes Genetics General Health Obesity Microbiology Epidemiology Dermatology Simple English	Dictionary of Medicine Concise Dictionary Cancer Diet General Medicine Patient Safety Pediatrics Influenza Health Topics Deafness Biology Allied Microbiology Emergency Medicine	Food and Beverage Antibiotic Resistance Dietary Supplements Food Terms Women's Health TB Terms Pediatrics Malaria Infection Control Medical Terms Pharmacology Occupational Rheumatology	Gynecology Anatomy Nutrient Labels Diet Pediatrics Addiction Medicine Short Glossary Biochemistry Cardiology Neurology Pathology Research Health A-Z

Medical dictionary

Additional Resources:

• Comprehensive Dictionary of Medicine
• Encyclopedia of Medicine
• Drugs
• List of Medical Terms
• Cancer Terms
• Cancer Drugs
• Health Topics
• Rare Diseases
• List of Lists