Granadaene

Granadaene

IUPAC Name:	{{{IUPACName}}}
Other Names:
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem
ChemSpider
SMILES
InChI
InChIKey
StdInChI
StdInChIKey
Properties
Chemical formula	CHNO
Appearance
Density
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Solubility
Hazards
Main Hazards
Flash Point
Autoignition Temperature

Granadaene is a unique polyene lipid molecule produced by the bacterium Streptococcus agalactiae, commonly known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS). This molecule is of significant interest due to its role in the pathogenesis of infections caused by GBS, particularly in neonates and immunocompromised individuals.

Structure

Granadaene is characterized by its long chain of conjugated double bonds, which is typical of polyene lipids. This structure is responsible for its distinctive red pigmentation, which is used as a phenotypic marker in laboratory identification of GBS. The exact chemical structure of granadaene includes a series of alternating single and double bonds, which contribute to its stability and biological activity.

Biosynthesis

The biosynthesis of granadaene in Streptococcus agalactiae involves a complex pathway that includes several enzymes encoded by the granadaene biosynthesis gene cluster. This cluster is responsible for the production of the polyene chain and its subsequent modifications. The regulation of this biosynthetic pathway is crucial for the expression of virulence factors in GBS.

Function

Granadaene plays a critical role in the virulence of Streptococcus agalactiae. It is believed to contribute to the bacterium's ability to evade the host immune system by disrupting phagocytosis and inhibiting the oxidative burst of neutrophils. Additionally, granadaene may have cytotoxic effects on host cells, further aiding in the establishment of infection.

Clinical Significance

The presence of granadaene is a key factor in the pathogenicity of GBS infections, which can lead to severe conditions such as neonatal sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. Understanding the role of granadaene in these infections is crucial for developing targeted therapies and preventive measures.

Research and Development

Ongoing research is focused on elucidating the detailed mechanisms by which granadaene contributes to GBS virulence. This includes studies on its interaction with host cell membranes and its potential as a target for novel antimicrobial agents. Additionally, the development of vaccines targeting granadaene or its biosynthetic pathway is an area of active investigation.

Also see

• Streptococcus agalactiae
• Polyene
• Virulence factor
• Neonatal sepsis
• Bacterial pathogenesis