Mpox vaccine

Detailed article on the Mpox vaccine

Template:Infobox vaccine

The Mpox vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent infection by the Mpox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, which also includes the smallpox virus. The vaccine is primarily used to protect against Mpox, a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans and between humans.

History

The development of the Mpox vaccine is closely linked to the eradication of smallpox. The first generation of smallpox vaccines, derived from the vaccinia virus, provided cross-protection against Mpox due to the antigenic similarities between the viruses. However, these vaccines were associated with significant side effects.

In response to the need for safer vaccines, the second generation of smallpox vaccines, such as ACAM2000, was developed. These vaccines were more refined but still carried risks, especially for immunocompromised individuals.

The third generation of vaccines, including the Mpox vaccine known as Jynneos (also marketed as Imvanex in Europe and Imvamune in Canada), was developed to provide a safer alternative. Jynneos is a live, non-replicating vaccine that has been approved for use in preventing both smallpox and Mpox.

Mechanism of Action

The Mpox vaccine works by introducing a live, attenuated form of the vaccinia virus into the body. This virus is non-replicating, meaning it cannot reproduce within the host. The immune system recognizes the virus as foreign and mounts an immune response, producing antibodies and memory cells that provide protection against future infections with the Mpox virus.

Efficacy

Clinical trials have demonstrated that the Mpox vaccine is effective in preventing Mpox infection. The vaccine has been shown to induce a robust immune response, with high levels of neutralizing antibodies. It is particularly recommended for individuals at high risk of exposure, such as healthcare workers and laboratory personnel working with orthopoxviruses.

Safety

The Mpox vaccine is generally well-tolerated. Common side effects include mild reactions at the injection site, such as redness, swelling, and pain. Systemic reactions, such as fever and fatigue, are less common. The vaccine is considered safe for use in immunocompromised individuals, unlike earlier smallpox vaccines.

Administration

The Mpox vaccine is administered subcutaneously, typically in two doses given four weeks apart. It is important to complete the full vaccination schedule to ensure optimal protection.

Regulatory Status

The Mpox vaccine has been approved by regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the prevention of both smallpox and Mpox. It is included in the Strategic National Stockpile for use in the event of a bioterrorism attack involving smallpox.

Also see

• Smallpox vaccine
• Orthopoxvirus
• Vaccinia virus
• Zoonotic diseases