Polydactylism
Polydactylism[edit | edit source]
Polydactylism, also known as polydactyly, is a congenital physical anomaly characterized by the presence of more than the usual number of fingers or toes. This condition can occur in humans and animals and is one of the most common congenital hand and foot anomalies.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The term "polydactylism" is derived from the Greek words "poly" meaning "many" and "daktylos" meaning "finger".
Classification[edit | edit source]
Polydactylism can be classified based on the location of the extra digit:
- Preaxial polydactyly: The extra digit is on the thumb side of the hand or the big toe side of the foot.
- Postaxial polydactyly: The extra digit is on the little finger side of the hand or the little toe side of the foot.
- Central polydactyly: The extra digit is located between the normal digits.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Polydactylism can be caused by genetic mutations and is often inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. It can also occur as part of a syndrome or due to environmental factors during pregnancy.
Genetic Factors[edit | edit source]
Several genes have been associated with polydactylism, including:
- GLI3: Mutations in this gene can lead to polydactyly as part of Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome.
- ZRS: Mutations in the ZRS enhancer of the SHH gene can cause preaxial polydactyly.
Associated Syndromes[edit | edit source]
Polydactylism can occur as part of various syndromes, such as:
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of polydactylism is typically made through physical examination and imaging studies such as X-rays to assess the bone structure of the extra digit.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for polydactylism often involves surgical removal of the extra digit, especially if it affects function or causes discomfort. The timing and approach to surgery depend on the type and location of the polydactyly.
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
Polydactylism is more common in certain populations and can vary in prevalence based on genetic and environmental factors.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for individuals with polydactylism is generally good, especially if the condition is isolated and not associated with other syndromes.
See Also[edit | edit source]
==
External Links[edit | edit source]
- [Genetics Home Reference - Polydactyly](https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/polydactyly)
- [Orphanet - Polydactyly](https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Lng=EN&Expert=901)
NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit source]
Polydactylism is a rare disease.
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