Wilms Tumor

Wilms' tumor or nephroblastoma is a rare kidney cancer that primarily affects children. The cause is unknown, but it is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary tract in children.

Symptoms and signs

The most common symptom is a painless swelling or lump in the abdomen, often discovered by a parent or caregiver. Other symptoms can include blood in the urine, high blood pressure, and fever. In rare cases, the tumor can rupture, causing severe abdominal pain.

Causes

The exact cause of Wilms' tumor is unknown, but it is thought to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some children with Wilms' tumor have other birth defects, suggesting a possible genetic component. However, most cases occur sporadically, with no clear pattern of inheritance.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Wilms' tumor typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging studies, and biopsy. Imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan can help identify the tumor and determine its size and location. Biopsy, in which a small sample of the tumor is removed for examination under a microscope, is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for Wilms' tumor usually involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The specific treatment plan depends on the stage of the disease, the child's age and overall health, and other factors.

Prognosis

The prognosis for children with Wilms' tumor is generally good, with a survival rate of over 90% with appropriate treatment. However, the prognosis can vary depending on the stage of the disease, the child's response to treatment, and other factors.

See also

• Kidney cancer
• Pediatric oncology

Wilms Tumor Resources
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