Adenosine A2a receptor
Adenosine A2a Receptor[edit | edit source]
The Adenosine A2a receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is activated by the endogenous nucleoside adenosine. It is one of the four adenosine receptor subtypes, which include A1, A2a, A2b, and A3. The A2a receptor is primarily coupled to the Gs protein, which stimulates adenylate cyclase activity, leading to an increase in intracellular cAMP levels.
Structure[edit | edit source]
The Adenosine A2a receptor is a typical GPCR with seven transmembrane domains. It is encoded by the ADORA2A gene in humans. The receptor's structure allows it to interact with adenosine and other ligands, facilitating its role in various physiological processes.
Function[edit | edit source]
The A2a receptor is widely expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in the striatum, and plays a crucial role in modulating neurotransmission. It is involved in regulating dopamine signaling, which is significant in the context of Parkinson's disease and other neurological disorders. Additionally, the A2a receptor has roles in the cardiovascular system, where it mediates vasodilation and protects against ischemic damage.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
The Adenosine A2a receptor is a target for therapeutic drugs in several conditions:
- Parkinson's Disease: A2a receptor antagonists, such as istradefylline, are used to improve motor function in patients with Parkinson's disease by modulating dopaminergic activity.
- Inflammation and Immune Response: The receptor has anti-inflammatory effects and is involved in the regulation of immune cell function, making it a potential target for treating inflammatory diseases.
- Cardioprotection: Activation of the A2a receptor can protect cardiac tissue during ischemic events, such as myocardial infarction.
Research[edit | edit source]
Ongoing research is exploring the role of the A2a receptor in various diseases, including cancer, where it may influence tumor growth and immune evasion. The receptor's involvement in neurodegenerative diseases and its potential as a biomarker for certain conditions are also areas of active investigation.
Also see[edit | edit source]
- Adenosine receptor
- G protein-coupled receptor
- Parkinson's disease
- Neurotransmitter
- Cardiovascular system
Template:Receptor pharmacology
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