SSRI

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) represent a class of antidepressant drugs predominantly prescribed for the treatment of major depressive disorders and other mood-related conditions. By acting on the neurotransmitter serotonin, SSRIs play a pivotal role in modulating mood, emotion, sleep, and appetite.

Introduction

Serotonin, chemically recognized as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a neurotransmitter that facilitates the transmission of signals in the brain. It is intricately linked with mood regulation, and any imbalance in its levels can lead to mood disorders, including depression. SSRIs work by increasing the availability of serotonin in the synaptic cleft, thereby promoting improved mood and emotion regulation.

Mechanism of Action

The primary mechanism of action of SSRIs revolves around the inhibition of serotonin reuptake. In the synaptic cleft, once serotonin has fulfilled its signaling function, it is typically reabsorbed by the nerve cells that produced it, a process termed "reuptake". SSRIs prevent this reuptake, ensuring that more serotonin remains available in the synaptic space, thus intensifying its effects and potentially ameliorating depressive symptoms.

Indications

While the principal indication for SSRIs is the treatment of major depressive disorder, these drugs are also prescribed for a plethora of other conditions, including:

• Anxiety disorders
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
• Panic disorders
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

Common SSRIs

Some of the frequently prescribed SSRIs include:

• Fluoxetine
• Paroxetine
• Sertraline
• Citalopram
• Escitalopram

Side Effects

All medications have potential side effects, and SSRIs are no exception. Some common side effects associated with SSRIs include:

• Nausea
• Dry mouth
• Insomnia
• Drowsiness
• Sexual dysfunction
• Weight changes

It's paramount to consult with a healthcare provider about potential side effects and to monitor any adverse reactions during the course of treatment.

Contraindications and Interactions

SSRIs may interact with various other medications, leading to an increased risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is crucial for patients to inform their healthcare providers about all the medications and supplements they are taking.

Summary

SSRIs have transformed the treatment landscape for depression and other mood disorders, offering hope and improved quality of life for many. However, as with all therapeutic interventions, understanding their mechanism, potential side effects, and interactions is essential for optimal patient care.

See Also

• List of antidepressants
• Serotonin syndrome
• Neurotransmitter

The following are antidepressant subclasses and drugs

MAO Inhibitors Isocarboxazid, Phenelzine, Tranylcypromine

SNRIs Duloxetine, Levomilnacipran, Venlafaxine

SSRIs Citalopram, Escitalopram, Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine, Sertraline, Vilazodone, Vortioxetine

Tricyclics Amitriptyline, Amoxapine, Clomipramine, Desipramine, Doxepin, Imipramine, Nortriptyline, Protriptyline, Trimipramine

Miscellaneous Bupropion, Flibanserin, Mirtazapine, Nefazodone, Trazodone

• Dailymed label info on SSRI
• FDA SSRI

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