Antimony trisulfide

Antimony Trisulfide

Antimony trisulfide is a chemical compound with the formula Sb₂S₃. It is a sulfide of antimony and occurs naturally as the mineral stibnite. This compound has been used historically in various applications, including as a pigment, in pyrotechnics, and in the production of matches.

Properties

Antimony trisulfide is a black or dark gray crystalline solid. It is insoluble in water but soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid. The compound has a melting point of 550 °C and a density of 4.562 g/cm³. It is known for its high refractive index and luster, which makes it useful in certain optical applications.

Occurrence

Antimony trisulfide occurs naturally as the mineral stibnite, which is the primary source of antimony. Stibnite is found in hydrothermal veins and is often associated with other sulfide minerals such as pyrite and galena.

Uses

Historically, antimony trisulfide has been used as a pigment in cosmetics and paints. It was also used in ancient times as a cosmetic known as kohl, which was applied to the eyes.

In modern times, antimony trisulfide is used in the production of safety matches, where it acts as a fuel in the match head. It is also used in pyrotechnics to create glitter effects and as a component in some types of fireworks.

Health and Safety

Antimony trisulfide is considered to be a hazardous material. Exposure to the compound can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Prolonged exposure may lead to more serious health effects, including damage to the lungs and other organs. It is important to handle antimony trisulfide with appropriate safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment.

Also see

• Stibnite
• Antimony
• Sulfide minerals
• Pyrotechnics