COX1

An enzyme involved in the production of prostaglandins

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Structure of COX-1

Identifiers
EC number	1.14.99.1
CAS number	9035-69-2
Alt. names
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway

Cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, which are lipid compounds that perform various physiological functions in the body. COX-1 is one of the two main isoforms of cyclooxygenase, the other being COX-2.

Function

COX-1 is a constitutively expressed enzyme, meaning it is produced continuously in most tissues. It is involved in the regulation of normal cellular processes, including the maintenance of the gastric mucosa, renal blood flow, and platelet aggregation. The enzyme catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, which are involved in protecting the stomach lining, supporting kidney function, and regulating blood clotting.

Structure

COX-1 is a homodimeric enzyme, meaning it consists of two identical subunits. Each subunit contains a heme group that is essential for its enzymatic activity. The enzyme is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope of cells.

Clinical Significance

COX-1 is the target of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen. These drugs inhibit the activity of COX-1, leading to a decrease in the production of prostaglandins. While this can reduce pain and inflammation, it can also lead to side effects such as gastric ulcers and bleeding due to the reduced protection of the gastric mucosa.

Inhibition

Selective inhibition of COX-1 can lead to adverse effects, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. This is because COX-1-derived prostaglandins play a protective role in the stomach lining. In contrast, selective COX-2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib, were developed to minimize these side effects by sparing COX-1 activity.

Research

Research into COX-1 continues to explore its role in various physiological and pathological processes. Understanding the balance between COX-1 and COX-2 activity is crucial for developing safer anti-inflammatory therapies.

Also see

• Cyclooxygenase 2
• Prostaglandin
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• Arachidonic acid