Canicola fever

Canicola fever is a type of leptospirosis, a bacterial disease that affects both humans and animals. It is caused by the Leptospira bacteria, specifically the Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola. The disease is primarily transmitted through the urine of infected animals, particularly dogs, hence the name "canicola" which is derived from the Latin word for dog, "canis".

Transmission

The primary mode of transmission for canicola fever is through direct or indirect contact with the urine of infected animals. This can occur through contaminated water or soil, or through consumption of infected food. The bacteria can enter the body through cuts or abrasions in the skin, or through the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and eyes.

Symptoms

The symptoms of canicola fever are similar to those of other forms of leptospirosis. They typically appear 5 to 14 days after exposure to the bacteria and can include high fever, severe headache, muscle pain, chills, redness of the eyes, abdominal pain, jaundice, haemorrhages in the skin and mucous membranes, vomiting, diarrhea, and rash.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of canicola fever is typically made through laboratory testing. This can include blood tests, urine tests, and sometimes tests on tissue samples. The most common test is the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), which detects antibodies to the Leptospira bacteria in the blood.

Treatment

Treatment for canicola fever typically involves antibiotics, such as doxycycline or penicillin, which are most effective when given early in the course of the disease. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required for supportive care, including intravenous fluids and treatment for any complications.

Prevention

Prevention of canicola fever primarily involves avoiding contact with potentially contaminated water or soil, particularly in areas where the disease is common. Vaccination of dogs can also help to reduce the risk of transmission.

See also

• Leptospirosis
• Zoonosis
• Infectious disease