Chromosomal mutation

Chromosomal mutation refers to any alteration or error that occurs in the chromosome structure or number. These mutations can be categorized into four main types: deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations.

Types of Chromosomal Mutations

Deletions

A deletion occurs when a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is lost during DNA replication. This can lead to diseases such as Cri du chat, which happens when a part of chromosome 5 is deleted.

Duplications

Duplications occur when a region of a chromosome is duplicated and ends up with extra copies of that part of the chromosome. This can lead to an overexpression of the genes in that region.

Inversions

An inversion mutation occurs when a segment of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches in the reverse orientation. This does not cause any genetic information to be lost, but it can lead to changes in the way the genes are arranged.

Translocations

Translocations occur when a segment of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome. This can lead to a variety of genetic disorders, including certain types of leukemia.

Causes of Chromosomal Mutations

Chromosomal mutations can be caused by a variety of factors, including radiation, chemicals, errors in DNA replication, and certain viral infections.

Effects of Chromosomal Mutations

The effects of chromosomal mutations can vary greatly, depending on the type of mutation and the genes that are affected. Some mutations can have little to no effect, while others can lead to severe genetic disorders or even death.

See Also

• Genetic mutation
• Genetic disorder
• DNA replication