Cytostatics
An overview of cytostatics, their mechanisms, uses, and related topics in medicine.
Cytostatics are a class of drugs used primarily in the treatment of cancer. These agents work by inhibiting cell division, which is a hallmark of cancer cell proliferation. Cytostatics are a cornerstone of chemotherapy regimens and are used to treat various types of malignancies.
Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]
Cytostatics function by targeting rapidly dividing cells, a characteristic feature of cancer cells. They achieve this through several mechanisms:
- Alkylating agents: These drugs work by adding alkyl groups to DNA, leading to DNA cross-linking and strand breakage, which ultimately inhibits DNA replication and transcription.
- Antimetabolites: These mimic the natural substrates of cellular metabolism, interfering with DNA and RNA synthesis. Examples include methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil.
- Mitotic inhibitors: These agents, such as paclitaxel and vincristine, disrupt microtubule function, preventing cell division during mitosis.
- Topoisomerase inhibitors: These drugs interfere with the enzymes topoisomerase I and II, which are essential for DNA replication and transcription.
Clinical Uses[edit | edit source]
Cytostatics are used in the treatment of various cancers, including but not limited to:
They are often used in combination with other treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies to enhance efficacy and reduce the likelihood of resistance.
Side Effects[edit | edit source]
Due to their mechanism of action, cytostatics can also affect normal, rapidly dividing cells, leading to side effects such as:
Resistance[edit | edit source]
Cancer cells can develop resistance to cytostatics through various mechanisms, including:
- Increased drug efflux
- Enhanced DNA repair
- Alterations in drug targets
Research and Development[edit | edit source]
Ongoing research aims to develop new cytostatics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. Advances in pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine are paving the way for more targeted approaches to chemotherapy.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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