Low birthweight

Low birth weight is a term used to describe a newborn weighing less than 2,500 grams (5.5 pounds) at birth. The classification is based on the gestational age, which is the time measured from the first day of the woman's last menstrual cycle to the current date and it is measured in weeks. A low birth weight can be caused by a variety of factors, including premature birth, poor maternal health, and inadequate prenatal care.

Causes

The primary causes of low birth weight are premature birth, poor maternal health, and inadequate prenatal care. Other factors can include maternal smoking, drug use, and malnutrition. In some cases, the cause of low birth weight may be unknown.

Premature Birth

Premature birth is the most common cause of low birth weight. A baby is considered premature if they are born before 37 weeks of gestation. Premature babies often have low birth weight because they have not had enough time to grow and gain weight in the womb.

Poor Maternal Health

Poor maternal health can also contribute to low birth weight. Conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and infections can affect a baby's growth in the womb. Additionally, mothers who smoke, use drugs, or consume alcohol during pregnancy are more likely to have a baby with low birth weight.

Inadequate Prenatal Care

Inadequate prenatal care can also lead to low birth weight. Regular prenatal visits can help doctors monitor the baby's growth and development. If a problem is detected, early intervention can often prevent low birth weight.

Complications

Babies with low birth weight are at a higher risk for several health problems, including respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis. They may also have difficulty feeding and gaining weight.

Prevention

Prevention of low birth weight primarily involves maintaining good maternal health and receiving regular prenatal care. This includes eating a healthy diet, avoiding harmful substances, and getting regular check-ups.

Treatment

Treatment for low birth weight typically involves specialized care in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The baby may need help with feeding, staying warm, and fighting off infections.

See Also

• Premature birth
• Neonatal intensive care unit
• Hypertension
• Diabetes

Low birthweight Resources
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