NARA

{{Infobox chemical | verifiedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 477002123 | name = Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate | image = NADP+_structure.svg | image_size = 250px | IUPAC_name = Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate | othernames = NADP+ | section1 = ! colspan=2 style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;" |Identifiers

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Melting Point	°C
Boiling Point	°C
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PubChem CID

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CompTox Dashboard (EPA )

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InChI

• InChI=1S/C21H29N7O17P3/c22-21-26-16-14(25-9-24-21)27(10-23-16)20-18(35)17(34)15(33)12(43-20)7-40-46(38,39)44-45(36,37)41-8-13-19(32)11(31)6-30(13)5-1-28-4-2-29-3-5/h1-4,9-13,17-20,31-35H,6-8H2,(H,36,37)(H,38,39)(H2,22,24,25)/t11-,12-,13-,17-,18-,19-,20-/m1/s1

  Key: ACFIXJIJDZMPPO-NNYOXOHSSA-N

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SMILES

• C1=NC2=C(N1C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OCC4C(C(C(O4)N5C=NC6=C5N=CN=C6N)O)O)O)O)N=CN2C7C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O

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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) is a coenzyme that plays a crucial role in anabolic reactions, such as lipid and nucleic acid synthesis, which require reducing power. It is a derivative of NAD+, with the addition of a phosphate group at the 2' position of the ribose ring that carries the adenine moiety.

Structure

NADP+ consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base, and the other contains nicotinamide. The additional phosphate group distinguishes NADP+ from NAD+, making it more suitable for its role in biosynthetic pathways.

Function

NADP+ is primarily involved in redox reactions as a cofactor. It acts as an electron carrier, cycling between the oxidized form (NADP+) and the reduced form (NADPH). NADPH is a key electron donor in various biosynthetic pathways, including fatty acid synthesis and the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis.

Role in Metabolism

NADP+ is essential in the pentose phosphate pathway, where it is reduced to NADPH. This pathway is crucial for generating reducing equivalents for anabolic reactions and for the production of ribose-5-phosphate, a precursor for nucleotide synthesis.

Antioxidant Defense

NADPH is also vital in maintaining the glutathione system, which protects cells from oxidative damage. It provides the reducing power needed to regenerate reduced glutathione from its oxidized form.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in NADP+/NADPH levels can affect cellular redox states and are implicated in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the role of NADP+ in these conditions can aid in the development of therapeutic strategies.

Also see

• NAD+
• Pentose phosphate pathway
• Redox reactions
• Anabolic reactions
• Glutathione