Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction

Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction (SOD) is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal function of the Sphincter of Oddi, a muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) to the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).

Anatomy

The Sphincter of Oddi is located at the junction of the bile duct and the pancreatic duct, where they join and enter the duodenum. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of bile and pancreatic juice flow, and its dysfunction can lead to severe abdominal pain and other complications.

Classification

Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction is classified into two types: Type I and Type II. Type I SOD is characterized by clear-cut stenosis or dilation of the bile or pancreatic duct and episodes of pancreatitis. Type II SOD is characterized by episodes of abdominal pain and minor irregularities in liver function tests.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction is recurrent abdominal pain in the upper right quadrant, often radiating to the back or shoulder. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and jaundice.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction is challenging and often involves a combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and sometimes invasive procedures such as Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Treatment

Treatment options for Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction include medical management with medications, endoscopic therapy, and in some cases, surgery. The choice of treatment depends on the type of SOD, the severity of symptoms, and the patient's overall health status.

See also

• Biliary colic
• Cholecystectomy
• Pancreatitis