Β-carotene
An organic, strongly colored red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruits
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Β-carotene is an organic, strongly colored red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruits. It is a member of the carotenoid family, which are tetraterpenes synthesized by plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Β-carotene is a precursor of vitamin A (retinol) and is considered a provitamin A carotenoid.
Structure and Properties[edit | edit source]
Β-carotene is a hydrocarbon and a terpene with the chemical formula C₄₀H₅₆. It is composed of eight isoprene units and is classified as a tetraterpene. The structure of β-carotene consists of a long chain of conjugated double bonds, which is responsible for its color and its ability to absorb light in the visible spectrum.
Biological Role[edit | edit source]
Β-carotene is an important antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. It is also a precursor to vitamin A, which is essential for vision, immune function, and skin health. The conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A occurs in the small intestine and is regulated by the body's vitamin A status.
Sources[edit | edit source]
Β-carotene is found in high concentrations in orange and yellow fruits and vegetables, such as carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, and mangoes. It is also present in dark green leafy vegetables like spinach and kale.
Health Benefits[edit | edit source]
Consuming β-carotene-rich foods is associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease and cancer. Its antioxidant properties help neutralize free radicals, potentially reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
Supplementation[edit | edit source]
Β-carotene is available as a dietary supplement, often marketed for its potential to improve skin health and protect against sun damage. However, excessive supplementation, especially in smokers, has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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