Acetylase

Enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups

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Identifiers
EC number	2.3.1.-
CAS number	9031-77-8
Alt. names
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway

Acetylase is a type of enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from one molecule to another. This process is known as acetylation, and it plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including gene expression, metabolism, and protein function.

Function

Acetylases are involved in the modification of proteins, DNA, and other molecules by adding acetyl groups. This modification can alter the function, activity, stability, and interaction of the target molecules. One of the most well-known functions of acetylases is the acetylation of histones, which are proteins that help package DNA into chromatin. Histone acetylation is a key mechanism in the regulation of gene expression as it affects the accessibility of DNA to transcription factors and other regulatory proteins.

Types of Acetylases

There are several types of acetylases, each with specific substrates and functions:

• Histone acetyltransferases (HATs): These enzymes acetylate the lysine residues on histone proteins, leading to a more relaxed chromatin structure and increased gene transcription.
• N-acetyltransferases: These enzymes transfer acetyl groups to nitrogen atoms on various substrates, including proteins and small molecules.
• O-acetyltransferases: These enzymes transfer acetyl groups to oxygen atoms, often modifying carbohydrates and other hydroxyl-containing molecules.

Biological Importance

Acetylation by acetylases is a reversible modification that is counteracted by deacetylase enzymes, which remove acetyl groups. The balance between acetylation and deacetylation is critical for cellular homeostasis and function. Dysregulation of acetylase activity has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.

Research and Clinical Implications

Understanding the role of acetylases in disease has led to the development of therapeutic strategies targeting these enzymes. Inhibitors of specific acetylases are being explored as potential treatments for cancer and other diseases where acetylation is disrupted.

Also see

• Histone acetyltransferase
• Deacetylase
• Epigenetics
• Gene expression regulation