Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug
(Redirected from Antirheumatics)
A pharmaceutical agent or drug that is categorized by its ability to alter the progression of an autoimmune disease as opposed to just treating the inflammation or symptoms.
Etiology[edit | edit source]
The term disease modifying antirheumatic drug was applied in order to differentiate those drugs that have the potential to slow the progression of the rheumatoid arthritis such as methotrexate, from the symptomatic treatment with NSAIDs that just treat inflammation and steroids that reduce inflammation but do not slow or stop the progression of the disease.
Other diseases[edit | edit source]
Overtime, the DMRD's is also used in other conditions such as Crohn's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, myasthenia gravis, sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis etc.
Types[edit | edit source]
- certolizumab pegol
- chloroquine (anti-malarial)
- ciclosporin (Cyclosporin A)
- D-penicillamine (seldom used today)
- gold salts (sodium aurothiomalate, auranofin) (seldom used today)
- [[hydroxychloroquine (anti-malarial)
- methotrexate (MTX)
- sulfasalazine (SSZ)
Types of DMRD's[edit | edit source]
DMRD's can be classified as biologics such as infliximab, ethanercept, abatacept, adalimumab, anakinra, apremilast etc. and synthetic or traditional DMRD's such as methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, hydroxychloroquine, gold salts
DMARDs, their mechanisms of action, JIA approval status, and samples of significant warnings from the drug product labels. | ' | ' | ' | ' |
Generic Name | US Trade Name | Mechanism of Action | Approved by FDA for JIA | Warnings – Increased Risk |
Abatacept | Orencia | anti-CD28, T-cell costimulator antibodies | Yes | infections |
biologic | ||||
Adalimumab | Humira | TNF inhibitor | Yes | infections |
biologic | cancer | |||
Anakinra | Kineret | IL-1 receptor antagonist | No | infections |
biologic | ||||
Canakinumab | Ilaris | IL-1 blocker | No | vertigo |
biologic | ||||
Etanercept | Enbrel | TNF inhibitor | Yes | infections |
biologic | cancer | |||
Infliximab | Remicade | TNF inhibitor | No | infections |
biologic | cancer | |||
IVIG | Baygam | interaction with activating Fc receptors | No | hepatitis |
Carimune NF | biologic | acute renal failure | ||
Flebogamma 5% | venous thrombosis | |||
DIF | aseptic meningitis | |||
Gammar P | ||||
Gamunex 10% | ||||
Gammagard S/D | ||||
Gammagard Liquid 10% | ||||
Gammar P | ||||
Iveegam EN | ||||
Octagam 5% | ||||
Panglobulin | ||||
Polygam S/D | ||||
Privigen 10% | ||||
Vivaglobin | ||||
Rilonacept | Arcalyst | IL-1 blocker | No | infection |
biologic | ||||
Rituximab | Rituxan | binds to CD20 antigen | No | progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy |
biologic | severe skin reactions | |||
infusion reactions | ||||
Tocilizumab | Actemra | IL-6 receptor antagonist | No | infections |
biologic | elevated lipid levels | |||
Azathioprine | Azasan | purine synthesis inhibitor | No | cancer |
Imuran | nonbiologic | bone marrow suppression | ||
Cyclosporine A | Neoral | inhibits calcineurin | No | infections |
Gengraf | nonbiologic | nephrotoxicity hepatotoxicity | ||
D-Penicillamine | Depen | unknown (may lower IgM rheumatoid factor; depresses T-cell activity) | No | allergic reactions |
Cuprimine | nonbiologic | Goodpasture’s syndrome | ||
hematologic toxicities | ||||
hepatotoxicity | ||||
myasthenia gravis | ||||
Hydroxy-chloroquine | Plaquenil | not well understood (may reduce T-lymphocyte transformation and chemotaxis) | No | kidney damage |
nonbiologic | retinopathy | |||
Leflunomide | Arava | isoxazole immunomodulatory agent | No | hepatotoxicity |
nonbiologic | ||||
Methotrexate | Methotrexate LPF | unknown (antimetabolite; inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase) | Yes | hepatotoxicity |
nonbiologic | cancer | |||
Mycophenolate mofetil | CellCept | guanosine synthesis inhibitor | No | cancer |
nonbiologic | bone marrow suppression | |||
Sulfasalazine | Azulfidine sulfazine | unknown | Yes | bone marrow suppression |
nonbiologic | hepatotoxicity | |||
Stevens Johnson syndrome | ||||
Tacrolimus (FK506) | Prograf | reduces T-cell and IL-2 activity | No | cancer |
nonbiologic | infection | |||
Thalidomide | Thalomid | unknown | No | birth defects |
nonbiologic | neuropathy | |||
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug Resources | |
---|---|
|
Search WikiMD
Ad.Tired of being Overweight? Try W8MD's physician weight loss program.
Semaglutide (Ozempic / Wegovy and Tirzepatide (Mounjaro / Zepbound) available.
Advertise on WikiMD
WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia |
Let Food Be Thy Medicine Medicine Thy Food - Hippocrates |
Translate this page: - East Asian
中文,
日本,
한국어,
South Asian
हिन्दी,
தமிழ்,
తెలుగు,
Urdu,
ಕನ್ನಡ,
Southeast Asian
Indonesian,
Vietnamese,
Thai,
မြန်မာဘာသာ,
বাংলা
European
español,
Deutsch,
français,
Greek,
português do Brasil,
polski,
română,
русский,
Nederlands,
norsk,
svenska,
suomi,
Italian
Middle Eastern & African
عربى,
Turkish,
Persian,
Hebrew,
Afrikaans,
isiZulu,
Kiswahili,
Other
Bulgarian,
Hungarian,
Czech,
Swedish,
മലയാളം,
मराठी,
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
ગુજરાતી,
Portuguese,
Ukrainian
Medical Disclaimer: WikiMD is not a substitute for professional medical advice. The information on WikiMD is provided as an information resource only, may be incorrect, outdated or misleading, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Please consult your health care provider before making any healthcare decisions or for guidance about a specific medical condition. WikiMD expressly disclaims responsibility, and shall have no liability, for any damages, loss, injury, or liability whatsoever suffered as a result of your reliance on the information contained in this site. By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, which may from time to time be changed or supplemented by WikiMD. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter or use this site. See full disclaimer.
Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.
Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD