Chadwick sign

A clinical sign of early pregnancy

Chadwick sign
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Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia
Complications	N/A
Onset	N/A
Duration	N/A
Types	N/A
Causes	Increased blood flow to the pelvic region
Risks	N/A
Diagnosis	Physical examination
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	None required, sign of normal pregnancy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	N/A
Deaths	N/A

Chadwick sign is a clinical indicator of early pregnancy, characterized by a bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia. This change in coloration is due to increased blood flow to the pelvic region, a physiological response to pregnancy.

History

The sign is named after James Read Chadwick, an American gynecologist who first described the phenomenon in 1886. Chadwick's observations were published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, where he detailed the changes in the coloration of the vaginal mucosa as an early sign of pregnancy.

Pathophysiology

During pregnancy, the body undergoes numerous physiological changes to support the developing fetus. One of these changes is increased vascularization and blood flow to the pelvic region, which is necessary to provide adequate nutrients and oxygen to the growing embryo. The increased blood flow causes the cervix, vagina, and labia to take on a bluish hue, which is observable during a pelvic examination.

Clinical Significance

Chadwick sign is considered one of the early signs of pregnancy, typically appearing around the sixth to eighth week of gestation. It is a non-invasive indicator that can be observed during a routine pelvic examination. While the presence of Chadwick sign can suggest pregnancy, it is not definitive, and further testing, such as a pregnancy test or ultrasound, is required to confirm pregnancy.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Chadwick sign is made through a physical examination by a healthcare provider. During the examination, the provider will look for the characteristic bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia. It is important to note that while Chadwick sign is a useful clinical indicator, it should be considered alongside other signs and symptoms of pregnancy.

Also see

• Goodell's sign
• Hegar's sign
• Pregnancy test
• Obstetrics