Gottron sign

A dermatological sign associated with dermatomyositis

Gottron sign
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Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Erythematous or violaceous papules over joints
Complications	N/A
Onset	N/A
Duration	N/A
Types	N/A
Causes	Dermatomyositis
Risks	N/A
Diagnosis	Clinical examination, skin biopsy
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	N/A
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	N/A
Deaths	N/A

Gottron sign is a dermatological manifestation commonly associated with the autoimmune condition known as dermatomyositis. It is characterized by the presence of erythematous or violaceous papules and plaques that appear over the dorsal surfaces of the joints, particularly the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the hands. These skin changes are considered pathognomonic for dermatomyositis, meaning they are highly indicative of the disease.

Clinical Presentation

Gottron sign typically presents as symmetric, raised, and scaly lesions that are often described as having a "heliotrope" hue. These lesions can also appear on other extensor surfaces such as the elbows, knees, and ankles. The presence of Gottron sign is a key diagnostic criterion for dermatomyositis, a condition that affects both the skin and muscles, leading to muscle weakness and skin rashes.

Pathophysiology

The exact pathophysiological mechanism behind Gottron sign is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve immune-mediated damage to the skin and underlying tissues. In dermatomyositis, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells, leading to inflammation and damage. The skin manifestations, including Gottron sign, are thought to result from this autoimmune process.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Gottron sign is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the skin lesions. However, a skin biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions. The biopsy typically shows interface dermatitis with vacuolar changes and a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate.

Treatment

Treatment of Gottron sign involves addressing the underlying dermatomyositis. This often includes the use of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive agents such as methotrexate or azathioprine. Topical treatments, such as corticosteroid creams, may also be used to alleviate the skin symptoms.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with Gottron sign depends on the severity of the underlying dermatomyositis and the response to treatment. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent complications such as muscle weakness and potential disability.

Also see

• Dermatomyositis
• Heliotrope rash
• Autoimmune diseases
• Skin biopsy

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