Granisetron hydrochloride

Granisetron hydrochloride is a medication used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. It is classified as a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, which works by blocking the action of serotonin, a natural substance that may cause nausea and vomiting.

Medical Uses

Granisetron hydrochloride is primarily used in the management of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It is also used to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. The medication is available in various forms, including oral tablets, transdermal patches, and intravenous injections.

Mechanism of Action

Granisetron hydrochloride works by selectively blocking the 5-HT3 receptors, which are found in the vagal nerve terminals and the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain. By inhibiting these receptors, granisetron prevents the activation of the vomiting reflex.

Side Effects

Common side effects of granisetron hydrochloride include:

• Headache
• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Dizziness
• Fatigue

Serious side effects are rare but may include:

• Allergic reactions
• Heart rhythm problems

Dosage and Administration

The dosage of granisetron hydrochloride varies depending on the form and the condition being treated. For chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, the typical dose is 1-2 mg orally or 10 mcg/kg intravenously, administered before the start of chemotherapy. For radiation-induced nausea and vomiting, the dose is usually 2 mg orally once daily.

Precautions

Patients with a history of heart disease, electrolyte imbalances, or allergic reactions to similar medications should use granisetron hydrochloride with caution. It is also important to inform the healthcare provider of all other medications being taken to avoid potential drug interactions.

Related Pages

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• 5-HT3 receptor antagonist
• Serotonin