IGSF2

Overview

Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-I), also known as somatomedin C, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGF1 gene. It is a hormone similar in molecular structure to insulin. IGF-I plays an important role in childhood growth and continues to have anabolic effects in adults.

Structure

IGF-I is a single-chain polypeptide consisting of 70 amino acids. It has a molecular weight of approximately 7.5 kDa. The structure of IGF-I is similar to that of insulin, with three disulfide bonds that stabilize its conformation.

Function

IGF-I is primarily produced in the liver as an endocrine hormone and in target tissues in a paracrine/autocrine fashion. It is a major mediator of the effects of growth hormone (GH). IGF-I stimulates systemic body growth and has growth-promoting effects on almost every cell in the body, especially skeletal muscle, cartilage, bone, liver, kidney, skin, and lungs.

IGF-I is involved in cell growth, differentiation, and survival. It binds to the IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) and activates intracellular signaling pathways, including the PI3K/AKT pathway and the MAPK/ERK pathway, which are crucial for cell proliferation and survival.

Regulation

The production of IGF-I is stimulated by growth hormone and can be inhibited by malnutrition, insulin deficiency, and other factors. IGF-I levels are highest during childhood and adolescence and decline with age.

Clinical Significance

IGF-I has been implicated in various diseases and conditions:

• Growth Disorders: Deficiency in IGF-I can lead to growth failure and short stature. Conversely, excess IGF-I can result in conditions such as acromegaly.
• Cancer: IGF-I is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and its dysregulation has been associated with cancer development.
• Metabolic Disorders: IGF-I plays a role in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.

Measurement

IGF-I levels can be measured in the blood to assess growth hormone activity. It is often used in the diagnosis and management of growth disorders and in monitoring the treatment of growth hormone deficiencies.

Therapeutic Use

Recombinant IGF-I is used in the treatment of growth failure in children with severe primary IGF-I deficiency. It is also being investigated for its potential use in treating other conditions, such as muscle wasting and diabetes.

Also see

• Growth Hormone
• IGF-1 Receptor
• Insulin
• Acromegaly
• PI3K/AKT Pathway

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