Laryngotracheobronchitis

Laryngotracheobronchitis (also known as croup) is a type of respiratory infection that is usually caused by a virus. It involves swelling inside the trachea, which interferes with normal breathing and creates a characteristic barking cough.

Causes

The most common cause of laryngotracheobronchitis is a viral infection, most often a parainfluenza virus. Other viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus, measles, influenza, and rhinovirus can also cause this condition.

Symptoms

The symptoms of laryngotracheobronchitis typically include a barking cough, difficulty breathing, and a hoarse voice. Fever and a runny nose may also be present. Symptoms are often worse at night and when lying down.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of laryngotracheobronchitis is typically based on the symptoms and physical examination. A chest X-ray or throat culture may be done to rule out other potential causes of the symptoms.

Treatment

Treatment for laryngotracheobronchitis primarily involves comfort measures such as humidified air and fluids. Medications such as corticosteroids and epinephrine may be used in severe cases. Hospitalization may be required if breathing becomes significantly difficult.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, most people with laryngotracheobronchitis recover completely within a week. However, severe cases can be life-threatening.

Prevention

Prevention of laryngotracheobronchitis involves avoiding exposure to viruses that cause the condition. This includes frequent hand washing, not sharing personal items, and staying away from people who are sick.

See also

• Bronchitis
• Laryngitis
• Tracheitis

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