Lower urinary tract symptoms
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) refer to a group of clinical symptoms involving the bladder, urinary sphincter, urethra, and, in men, the prostate. Although LUTS is a clinical term used in both sexes, it is most frequently used in men, often associated with an enlarged prostate.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
LUTS can be categorized into three groups: storage, voiding, and post-micturition symptoms.
- Storage symptoms include increased frequency of urination, urgency, and urge incontinence.
- Voiding symptoms include slow stream, splitting or spraying, intermittency, hesitancy, straining, and terminal dribble.
- Post-micturition symptoms include a feeling of incomplete emptying and post-micturition dribble.
Causes[edit | edit source]
LUTS can be caused by various conditions, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), overactive bladder, urinary tract infections (UTIs), prostatitis, and urological cancers.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of LUTS involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests such as urinalysis, ultrasound, uroflowmetry, and cystometry.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for LUTS depends on the underlying cause and may include lifestyle changes, medication, or surgery. Medications used to treat LUTS include alpha blockers, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, and anticholinergics. Surgical options include transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and prostatectomy.
See also[edit | edit source]
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Overactive bladder
- Urinary incontinence
- Prostatitis
- Urinary tract infection
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References[edit | edit source]
External links[edit | edit source]
- American Urological Association - Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS)
- NHS - Lower urinary tract symptoms in men
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