Nocturnal enuresis
Nocturnal enuresis[edit | edit source]
Nocturnal enuresis, also known as bedwetting, is the involuntary urination during sleep after the age at which bladder control usually begins. Bedwetting is a common childhood issue, and it can also affect adults, resulting in emotional stress. Complications may include urinary tract infections.
Signs and symptoms[edit | edit source]
The primary symptom of nocturnal enuresis is involuntary urination during sleep. This can occur at any time during the night and may be accompanied by:
- Increased frequency of urination during the day
- Urgency to urinate
- Straining or discomfort while urinating
Causes[edit | edit source]
There are various possible causes of nocturnal enuresis, including:
- Genetic factors
- Delayed maturation of the nervous system
- Overactive bladder muscles
- Small bladder capacity
- Hormonal imbalances affecting urine production
- Sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea
- Psychological factors, such as stress or anxiety
- Constipation
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of nocturnal enuresis is primarily based on the patient's medical history and a physical examination. Additional tests may be performed to rule out underlying medical conditions or to identify potential contributing factors, such as:
- Urinalysis to check for infections or other abnormalities
- Blood tests to assess kidney function and hormone levels
- Imaging studies, such as ultrasound or X-rays, to evaluate the urinary system
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for nocturnal enuresis depends on the underlying cause, the age of the patient, and the severity of the problem. Options may include:
- Behavioral modifications, such as setting a regular bedtime routine, limiting fluid intake before bedtime, and using a bedwetting alarm
- Medications, such as desmopressin (a synthetic form of the antidiuretic hormone) or anticholinergic drugs to reduce bladder contractions
- Bladder training exercises to increase bladder capacity and improve control
- Counseling or therapy to address psychological factors, such as stress or anxiety
- Treatment of underlying medical conditions, such as constipation or sleep apnea
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
In most cases, nocturnal enuresis resolves on its own as a child grows and develops. With appropriate treatment and support, the majority of children and adults affected by bedwetting can achieve improved bladder control and a reduction in symptoms.
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
Nocturnal enuresis is the most common childhood complaint, affecting approximately 5-10% of children aged 7 years and 1-3% of adolescents. The condition is more common in boys than in girls and tends to decrease in prevalence with age.
See also[edit | edit source]
- Urinary incontinence
- Overactive bladder
- Sleep disorders
References[edit | edit source]
External links[edit | edit source]
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