Menstrual

Menstrual cycle is a natural process that occurs in the female reproductive system. This cycle is essential for the production of eggs and for the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy. The menstrual cycle occurs monthly and is regulated by hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.

Overview

The menstrual cycle begins with menstruation (bleeding), which usually lasts between three and seven days. This is followed by the follicular phase, where the levels of estrogen and progesterone are low. During this phase, the pituitary gland releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovaries.

The next phase is ovulation, where the mature egg is released from the ovary. This usually occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle. After ovulation, the luteal phase begins. During this phase, the corpus luteum (the remains of the follicle that released the egg) produces progesterone, which prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum breaks down, the levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease, and a new menstrual cycle begins.

Hormonal regulation

The menstrual cycle is regulated by a complex interplay of hormones. The hypothalamus produces gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to produce FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH). These hormones stimulate the growth of follicles in the ovaries and the production of estrogen and progesterone.

Phases of the menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle can be divided into three phases: the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase.

Follicular phase

The follicular phase begins on the first day of menstruation and ends with ovulation. During this phase, FSH stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovaries. The follicles produce estrogen, which stimulates the growth of the endometrium (the lining of the uterus).

Ovulation

Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from the ovary. This usually occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle. The surge in LH triggers ovulation.

Luteal phase

The luteal phase begins after ovulation and ends with the start of menstruation. During this phase, the corpus luteum produces progesterone, which prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

See also

• Menstruation
• Ovulation
• Hormonal regulation and menstrual cycle

Menstrual Resources
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