Pituitary diabetes insipidus

Pituitary Diabetes Insipidus (also known as Central Diabetes Insipidus) is a rare form of diabetes insipidus that is due to insufficient production of vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), by the pituitary gland. This condition results in excessive thirst and the excretion of large amounts of diluted urine.

Causes

Pituitary Diabetes Insipidus is usually caused by damage to the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus. This damage can be due to surgery, infection, inflammation, a tumor, or head injury. In some cases, the cause of Pituitary Diabetes Insipidus is unknown, a condition referred to as idiopathic.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of Pituitary Diabetes Insipidus are excessive thirst and excretion of large amounts of diluted urine. Other symptoms may include dehydration, fatigue, and in severe cases, unconsciousness.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Pituitary Diabetes Insipidus involves a series of tests, including a water deprivation test, urine tests, and blood tests. In some cases, an MRI may be used to identify any abnormalities in the pituitary gland or hypothalamus.

Treatment

Treatment for Pituitary Diabetes Insipidus typically involves replacing the missing vasopressin. This is usually done with a synthetic form of vasopressin known as desmopressin. Other treatments may include medications to reduce urine output and treatment of the underlying cause, if known.

See also

• Diabetes insipidus
• Vasopressin
• Pituitary gland
• Hypothalamus