What is Vegetarianism?

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JohnEytonBickerstethMayorbyHubertvonHerkomer

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File:Notes and Queries - Series 10 - Volume 12.djvu Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.

Types of Vegetarianism[edit | edit source]

There are several types of vegetarian diets, each with varying restrictions:

Lacto-vegetarianism: Includes dairy products but excludes eggs, meat, and fish.
Ovo-vegetarianism: Includes eggs but excludes dairy products, meat, and fish.
Lacto-ovo vegetarianism: Includes both dairy products and eggs but excludes meat and fish.
Veganism: Excludes all animal products, including dairy, eggs, and honey.
Pescetarianism: Includes fish and seafood but excludes other meats.
Flexitarianism: Primarily vegetarian but occasionally includes meat or fish.

Health Benefits[edit | edit source]

Vegetarian diets are associated with numerous health benefits, including:

Lower risk of heart disease
Reduced incidence of hypertension
Lower rates of type 2 diabetes
Reduced risk of certain types of cancer
Lower cholesterol levels
Improved digestive health

Nutritional Considerations[edit | edit source]

While vegetarian diets can be nutritionally adequate, certain nutrients may require special attention:

Protein: Sources include legumes, nuts, seeds, and soy products.
Iron: Found in lentils, chickpeas, beans, tofu, and fortified cereals.
Calcium: Available in dairy products, fortified plant milks, and leafy green vegetables.
Vitamin B12: Found in fortified foods and supplements.
Omega-3 fatty acids: Sourced from flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts.

Ethical and Environmental Considerations[edit | edit source]

Many individuals choose vegetarianism for ethical reasons, including concerns about animal rights and animal welfare. Additionally, vegetarian diets are often considered more environmentally sustainable due to lower carbon footprint and reduced resource consumption compared to meat-based diets.