What is Vegetarianism?

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JohnEytonBickerstethMayorbyHubertvonHerkomer

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File:Notes and Queries - Series 10 - Volume 12.djvu Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.

Types of Vegetarianism

There are several types of vegetarian diets, each with varying restrictions:

• Lacto-vegetarianism: Includes dairy products but excludes eggs, meat, and fish.
• Ovo-vegetarianism: Includes eggs but excludes dairy products, meat, and fish.
• Lacto-ovo vegetarianism: Includes both dairy products and eggs but excludes meat and fish.
• Veganism: Excludes all animal products, including dairy, eggs, and honey.
• Pescetarianism: Includes fish and seafood but excludes other meats.
• Flexitarianism: Primarily vegetarian but occasionally includes meat or fish.

Health Benefits

Vegetarian diets are associated with numerous health benefits, including:

• Lower risk of heart disease
• Reduced incidence of hypertension
• Lower rates of type 2 diabetes
• Reduced risk of certain types of cancer
• Lower cholesterol levels
• Improved digestive health

Nutritional Considerations

While vegetarian diets can be nutritionally adequate, certain nutrients may require special attention:

• Protein: Sources include legumes, nuts, seeds, and soy products.
• Iron: Found in lentils, chickpeas, beans, tofu, and fortified cereals.
• Calcium: Available in dairy products, fortified plant milks, and leafy green vegetables.
• Vitamin B12: Found in fortified foods and supplements.
• Omega-3 fatty acids: Sourced from flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts.

Ethical and Environmental Considerations

Many individuals choose vegetarianism for ethical reasons, including concerns about animal rights and animal welfare. Additionally, vegetarian diets are often considered more environmentally sustainable due to lower carbon footprint and reduced resource consumption compared to meat-based diets.

Cultural and Religious Aspects

Vegetarianism is prevalent in various cultures and religions, including:

• Hinduism
• Buddhism
• Jainism
• Certain sects of Christianity
• Seventh-day Adventist Church

Related Pages

• Veganism
• Lacto-vegetarianism
• Ovo-vegetarianism
• Lacto-ovo vegetarianism
• Pescetarianism
• Flexitarianism
• Animal rights
• Environmental vegetarianism
• Plant-based diet