Bunion

From WikiMD's Wellnesspedia

Bunion or hallux valgus
Bunion or hallux valgus

Other names[edit | edit source]

Hallux valgus

A bunion, or hallux valgus, is a bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe. It occurs when some of the bones in the front part of the foot move out of place. This causes the tip of the big toe to get pulled toward the smaller toes and forces the joint at the base of the big toe to stick out. The skin over the bunion might be red and sore.

Etiology[edit | edit source]

Bunions are most commonly caused by an inherited structural defect in the foot. However, wearing tight or high-heeled shoes can exacerbate the problem. Over time, these types of footwear can force the foot bones into an unnatural shape, leading to bunion development.

Risk Factors[edit | edit source]

Risk factors for bunions include:

Wearing improperly fitting shoes: High heels, shoes that are too tight, or narrow, pointed shoes can all lead to bunion development. Rheumatoid arthritis: This inflammatory condition can increase the likelihood of bunions. Heredity: The tendency to develop bunions might be because of an inherited problem with the structure of the foot.

Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]

A patient with a bunion may present with:

  • A bulging bump on the outside of the base of the big toe.
  • Persistent or intermittent pain.
  • Restricted movement of the big toe if arthritis affects the toe.
  • Corns or calluses — these often develop where the first and second toes overlap.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of a bunion is based on the physical examination of the foot. An x-ray may be ordered to understand the severity of the problem and aid in the development of a treatment plan.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Non-surgical treatments for bunions may include wearing shoes with adequate room in the toe box, padding the bunion, using shoe inserts or over-the-counter arch supports. If these measures are not sufficient, surgical options exist to remove the bunion and realign the toe.

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

Most people experience significant relief from bunion pain through non-surgical treatments. If surgery is required, it generally has a high success rate.

References[edit | edit source]

Mayo Clinic. Bunions. (2019). Retrieved from [1] American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Bunions. (2011). Retrieved from [2]

External Links[edit | edit source]

Bunion Resources

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