Myocarditis

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

(Redirected from Infectious myocarditis)

Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle.

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Viral myocarditis

Causes[edit | edit source]

Myocarditis can be caused by a virus, certain [[drugs, or radiation therapy.

Infectious myocarditis[edit | edit source]

Myocarditis is most commonly caused by an infection such as influenza (flu) virus, coxsackievirus, parovirus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, and others that reaches the heart.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

  • Chest pain that may resemble a heart attack
  • Fatigue or listlessness
  • Fever and other signs of infection
  • Joint pain or swelling
  • Leg swelling
  • Pale, cool hands and feet
  • Rapid breathing
  • Rapid heart rate
  • Fainting, often related to irregular heart rhythms
  • Low urine output

Work up[edit | edit source]

Myocarditis can be hard to diagnose because the signs and symptoms often mimic those of other heart and lung diseases, or a bad case of the flu.

Physical exam There may be signs of infection, including fever and rashes.

Imaging studies

  • A chest x-ray can show enlargement (swelling) of the heart.
  • Electrocardiogram may also be done to help make the diagnosis.
  • Heart biopsy is the most accurate way to confirm the diagnosis, but it is not always needed
  • Other tests that may be needed include:
  • Blood cultures to check for infection
  • Blood tests to look for antibodies against viruses or the heart muscle itself
  • Blood tests to check liver and kidney function
  • Complete blood count
  • Special tests to check for the presence of viruses in the blood (viral PCR)

Treatment[edit | edit source]

  • Treatment is aimed at the cause of the problem, and may involve:
  • Antibiotics to fight bacterial infection
  • Steroids to reduce swelling
  • Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
  • Diuretics to remove excess water from the body
  • Low-salt diet
  • Reduced activity
  • Rarely, a heart transplant may be needed.
Myocarditis Resources
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD