LGBT history in India

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LGBT history in India

LGBT history in India encompasses the history, culture, and experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals in India. The history of LGBT individuals in India is complex and has evolved significantly over time, influenced by various social, cultural, and legal factors.

Ancient and Medieval Periods

In ancient India, there are references to same-sex relationships and gender diversity in various texts and scriptures. The Kama Sutra, an ancient Indian text on human sexual behavior, mentions same-sex relations. Additionally, Hindu mythology includes stories of deities and figures exhibiting gender fluidity and same-sex love, such as the story of Shikhandi in the Mahabharata and the relationship between Krishna and Arjuna.

During the medieval period, the Mughal Empire also had instances of same-sex relationships and gender diversity. The Mughal courts had eunuchs, who were often transgender individuals, serving in various capacities.

Colonial Period

The arrival of the British Empire in India brought significant changes to the social and legal landscape. The British introduced the Indian Penal Code in 1861, which included Section 377, criminalizing "carnal intercourse against the order of nature." This law was used to target and persecute LGBT individuals in India.

Post-Independence Period

After India gained independence in 1947, the legal and social status of LGBT individuals remained largely unchanged. Section 377 continued to be enforced, and LGBT individuals faced widespread discrimination and stigma.

21st Century Developments

The 21st century saw significant progress in the recognition and rights of LGBT individuals in India. In 2009, the Delhi High Court decriminalized consensual same-sex relations between adults by reading down Section 377. However, this decision was overturned by the Supreme Court of India in 2013, reinstating the criminalization of same-sex relations.

In a landmark judgment in 2018, the Supreme Court of India decriminalized consensual same-sex relations by striking down Section 377. This decision was celebrated as a major victory for LGBT rights in India.

Transgender Rights

In 2014, the Supreme Court of India recognized transgender individuals as a "third gender" in the National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India case. This judgment affirmed the rights of transgender individuals to self-identify their gender and called for affirmative action to improve their social and economic status.

Current Status

Despite legal advancements, LGBT individuals in India continue to face social stigma, discrimination, and violence. Activists and organizations are working towards greater acceptance and equality for LGBT individuals in Indian society.

Related Pages

• Section 377
• Transgender rights in India
• Delhi High Court
• Supreme Court of India
• National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India
• Kama Sutra
• Mahabharata
• Mughal Empire