Periodontal

Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. In its early stage, called gingivitis, the gums become swollen, red, and may bleed. In its more serious form, called periodontitis, the gums can pull away from the tooth, bone can be lost, and the teeth may loosen or fall out.

Causes

Periodontal disease is caused by certain bacteria (known as periodontal bacteria) and by the local inflammation triggered by those bacteria. Although these periodontal bacteria are naturally present in the mouth, they are only harmful when the conditions allow them to increase dramatically. This process can begin as gingivitis, which can progress to periodontitis if left untreated.

Symptoms

Symptoms may include redness or bleeding of gums while brushing teeth, tooth sensitivity, and bad breath. In the early stages, periodontal disease is usually painless.

Prevention

Prevention of periodontal disease includes regular dental examinations, professional cleaning, and good oral hygiene including brushing and flossing.

Treatment

Treatment involves good oral hygiene and regular professional teeth cleaning. In certain cases antibiotics or dental surgery may be recommended.

See also

• Dental plaque
• Gingivitis
• Oral hygiene

Periodontal Resources
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